Ukuphumelela kwe-alumina powder ezintweni zokuphrinta ze-3D
Ukungena elabhorethri yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical University, indawo yokwelapha ukukhanyaIphrinta ye-3D ivungama kancane, futhi i-laser beam ihamba ngokunembile ku-ceramic slurry. Emahoreni ambalwa nje kamuva, umgogodla we-ceramic onesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi njenge-maze wethulwa ngokugcwele - uzosetshenziselwa ukusakaza ama-turbine blade ezinjini zezindiza. UProfesa Su Haijun, ophethe lo msebenzi, wakhomba ingxenye entekenteke wayesethi: “Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, asizange silokothe sicabange ngokunemba okunjalo.
Kudala, izitsha zobumba ze-alumina zazifana “nomfundi onenkinga” emkhakheni weUkuphrinta kwe-3D- amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukwahlukanisa okuhle, kodwa lapho isinyathelisiwe, yaba nezinkinga eziningi. Ngaphansi kwezinqubo zendabuko, i-alumina powder ine-fluidity encane futhi ivame ukuvimba ikhanda lokuphrinta; izinga lokuncipha ngesikhathi sokucwilisa lingafinyelela ku-15% -20%, futhi izingxenye ezanyatheliswa ngomzamo omkhulu zizokhubaza futhi ziqhekeke ngokushesha nje lapho zishiswa; izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi? Kungaphezu kokunethezeka. Onjiniyela bakhathazekile: “Le nto ifana nengcweti enenkani, enemibono ewubuhlanya kodwa engenazandla ezanele.”
1. Ifomula yesiRashiya: Ukubeka "izikhali ze-ceramic" kui-aluminiumi-matrix
Ushintsho lokuqala lwavela ekuguqukeni komklamo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngo-2020, ososayensi bezinto ezibonakalayo be-National University of Science and Technology (NUST MISIS) yaseRussia bamemezele ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo. Esikhundleni sokumane baxube i-aluminium oxide powder, bafaka impushana ye-aluminium ehlanzeke kakhulu ku-autoclave futhi basebenzisa i-hydrothermal oxidation ukuze "ikhule" ungqimba lwefilimu ye-aluminium oxide enogqinsi olulawulekayo ngokunembile ebusweni bezinhlayiyana ze-aluminium ngayinye, njengokubeka ungqimba lwezikhali zempi ezisezingeni le-nano ebholeni le-aluminium. Le "core-shell structure" powder ibonisa ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngesikhathi sokuphrinta kwe-laser 3D (ubuchwepheshe be-SLM): ubulukhuni buphakeme ngo-40% kunezinto ezihlanzekile ze-aluminium, futhi ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, kuhlangabezana ngqo nezidingo zebanga lezindiza.
USolwazi u-Alexander Gromov, umholi wephrojekthi, wenza isifaniso esicacile: “Esikhathini esidlule, izinto eziyinhlanganisela zazifana namasaladi - ngayinye yayiphethe ibhizinisi layo; izimpushana zethu zifana namasemishi - i-aluminium ne-alumina ilumana ungqimba ngongqimba, futhi akukho ongakwenza ngaphandle kokunye. Lokhu kuhlangana okuqinile kuvumela okokusebenza ukuthi kubonise amandla ako ezingxenyeni zenjini yendiza namafreyimu omzimba alula kakhulu, futhi kuqala ukubekela inselele indawo yama-alloys e-titanium.
2. Ukuhlakanipha kwamaShayina: umlingo "wokusetha" izitsha zobumba
Iphuzu elikhulu lobuhlungu bokuphrinta kwe-alumina ceramic ukuncibilika kwe-sintering - cabanga ukuthi uxove ngokucophelela umfanekiso wobumba, futhi wancipha waba usayizi wezambane ngokushesha nje lapho ungena kuhhavini. Izowa ngamalini? Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, imiphumela eyanyatheliswa ithimba likaSolwazi uSu Haijun eNyuvesi yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical ku-Journal of Materials Science & Technology yaqala embonini: bathola cishe umgogodla we-alumina ceramic ocishe ube yi-zero-shrinkage onesilinganiso sokuncipha esingu-0.3% kuphela.
Imfihlo iwukwengezai-aluminium powderku-alumina bese udlala “umlingo womkhathi” onembile.
Engeza i-aluminium powder: Xuba u-15% wempushana ecolekile ye-aluminium odongeni lwe-ceramic
Lawula umkhathi: Sebenzisa ukuvikela kwegesi ye-argon ekuqaleni kwe-sintering ukuvimbela impushana ye-aluminium ukuthi ingabi ne-oxidizing
Ukushintsha okuhlakaniphile: Uma izinga lokushisa likhuphukela ku-1400°C, shintsha ngokuzumayo umkhathi ube emoyeni
I-in-situ oxidation: Impushana ye-Aluminium incibilika khona manjalo ibe amaconsi bese i-oxidize ibe i-aluminium oxide, futhi ukunwetshwa kwevolumu kuqeda ukufinyela.
3. Inguquko ye-binder: impushana ye-aluminium iphenduka “ingcina engabonakali”
Ngenkathi amaqembu aseRussia nawaseShayina esebenza kanzima ekuguquleni impushana, omunye umzila wezobuchwepheshe usuvuthwe buthule - usebenzisa impushana ye-aluminium njengesibophezelo. I-ceramic yendabukoUkuphrinta kwe-3Dama-binder ngokuvamile ama-organic resin, azoshiya imigodi lapho eshiswa ngesikhathi sokukhishwa. Ilungelo lobunikazi lika-2023 leqembu lasekhaya lithatha indlela ehlukile: ukwenza impushana ye-aluminium ibe i-binder-based binder47.
Ngesikhathi sokunyathelisa, i-nozzle ifafaza ngokunembile "i-glue" equkethe i-50-70% ye-aluminium powder kungqimba lwe-aluminium oxide powder. Uma kukhulunywa ngesiteji sokuwohloka, kukhishwa i-vacuum futhi kudlule umoya-mpilo, bese i-aluminium powder ifakwe i-oxidized ku-aluminium oxide ku-200-800 ° C. Isici sokunwetshwa kwevolumu engaphezu kuka-20% siyivumela ukuthi igcwalise ngenkuthalo ama-pores futhi inciphise izinga lokuncipha libe ngaphansi kuka-5%. "Kulingana nokudiliza isikafula bese wakhe udonga olusha ngesikhathi esifanayo, ugcwalise izimbobo zakho!" unjiniyela wakuchaza ngale ndlela.
4. Ubuciko bezinhlayiya: ukunqoba kwempushana eyindilinga
"Ukubukeka" kwe-alumina powder kuye ngokungalindelekile kube isihluthulelo sokuphumelela - lokhu kubukeka kubhekisela ekubunjweni kwezinhlayiyana. Ucwaningo kujenali ethi “Open Ceramics” ngo-2024 lwaqhathanisa ukusebenza kwezimpushana eziyindilinga nezingajwayelekile ze-alumina ku-fused deposition (CF³) printing5:
I-powder eyindilinga: igeleza njengesihlabathi esihle, izinga lokugcwalisa lidlula ama-60%, futhi ukuphrinta kubushelelezi futhi ku-silky.
Impushana engavamile: inamathele njengoshukela omahhadla, i-viscosity iphakeme izikhathi ezingu-40, futhi umlomo wombhobho uvinjelwe ukungabaza ukuphila.
Okungcono nakakhulu, ukuminyana kwezingxenye eziphrintwe impushana eyindilinga kalula kudlula ama-89% ngemva kokucwiliswa, futhi isiphetho esingaphezulu sihlangabezana ngokuqondile nendinganiso. "Ubani osasebenzisa i-powder "embi" manje? I-Fluidity iwumphumela wokulwa! Wamamatheka uchwepheshe waphetha5.
Ikusasa: Izinkanyezi nolwandle kuhlangana nezincane nezinhle
Inguquko yokuphrinta ye-3D ye-alumina powder isekude ukuphela. Imboni yezempi ihambe phambili ekusebenziseni ama-core shrinkage cores acishe abe nguziro ukwenza ama-turbofan blades; inkambu ye-biomedical ithathe imfashini ku-biocompatibility yayo futhi yaqala ukuphrinta izimila zamathambo ezenziwe ngezifiso; imboni ye-elekthronikhi iqondise ama-substrates okukhipha ukushisa - emva kwakho konke, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kanye ne-non-electrical conductivity ye-alumina ayinakushintshwa.