Noma ubani oke wasebenza embonini ye-abrasives, refractories, noma ceramics uyazi ukuthii-silicon carbide eluhlazaI-micropowder inzima kakhulu ukusebenza ngayo. Le nto, enobunzima obufana nobedayimane kanye nokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nogesi, ifaneleka ngokwemvelo ekugayweni ngokunemba, ekukhanyeni okuphezulu, kanye nasezintweni ezikhethekile zobumba. Kodwa-ke, ukucabanga nje ngobulukhuni bayo akwanele ukuyisebenzisa ngempumelelo - kuningi kakhulu kule mpuphu eluhlaza ebonakala ijwayelekile kunalokho okubonakala emehlweni. Isihluthulelo sise "kusayizi wezinhlayiya."
Onjiniyela bezinto ezinolwazi bavame ukuthi, “Uma uhlola into, qala ubheke impuphu; uma uhlola impuphu, qala ubheke izinhlayiya.” Lokhu kuyiqiniso impela. Usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza unquma ngqo ukuthi kuzoba yimpahla enamandla noma isithiyo esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okulandelayo. Namuhla, sizohlola ukuthi ubukhulu bezinhlayiya bulawulwa kanjani kanye nezinselele zobuchwepheshe ezihilelekile ekufezeni lokhu kulawula.
I. “Ukugaya” kanye “Nokuhlukaniswa”: “Inqubo Yokuhlinzwa Esezingeni Elincane”
Ukuze uthole okulungilei-micropowder eluhlaza ye-silicon carbide, isinyathelo sokuqala “ukuphula” amakristalu amakhulu aluhlaza e-silicon carbide. Lokhu akulula njengokuwaphula ngesando, kodwa kuyinqubo ebucayi edinga ukunemba okukhulu.
Indlela evamile ukuchoboza ngomshini. Nakuba kuzwakala kulukhuni, kuhilela ukulawula ngokucophelela. Ama-ball mill ayindawo evame kakhulu "yokuqeqesha," kodwa ukusebenzisa amabhola ensimbi ajwayelekile kungangenisa kalula ukungcola kwensimbi. Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe manje zisebenzisa ama-lining e-ceramic kanye namabhola okugaya e-silicon carbide noma e-zirconia ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa. Ukugaya amabhola kuphela akwanele; ukuthola i-micropowder encane nefana kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebangeni le-sub-10 micrometer (µm), kusetshenziswa "ukugaya umoya ngejethi". Le ndlela isebenzisa ukuhamba komoya okusheshayo ukuze kubangele ukuthi izinhlayiya zishayisane futhi ziqhekeke ngokungqubuzana, okuholela ekungcoleni okuncane kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane. Ukugaya okumanzi kuyasetshenziswa lapho kudingeka izimpuphu ezincane kakhulu (isb., ngaphansi kwe-1 µm). Kuvimbela ngempumelelo ukuhlangana kwempuphu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni okunokuhlakazeka okungcono.
Kodwa-ke, “ukuchoboza” nje akwanele; ubuchwepheshe bangempela obuyinhloko busekuhlukaniseni “ngezigaba.” Izimpushana ezikhiqizwa ngokuchoboza ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, futhi umgomo wethu ukukhetha kuphela ububanzi bosayizi obufiswayo. Lokhu kufana nokukhetha izinhlayiya zesihlabathi kuphela ezinobubanzi obungamamilimitha angu-0.5 kuya kwangu-0.6 enqwabeni yesihlabathi. Imishini yokuhlukanisa umoya owomile yiyo esetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal kanye ne-aerodynamics ukuhlukanisa izimpushana eziqinile nezicolekile ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokukhishwa okukhulu. Kodwa kukhona okubambekayo: lapho impushana iba yinhle ngokwanele (isb., ngaphansi kwama-micrometer ambalwa), izinhlayiya zivame ukuhlangana ndawonye ngenxa yamandla e-van der Waals (i-agglomeration), okwenza kube nzima ngabahlungi bomoya ukuzihlukanisa ngokunembile ngokusekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiya ngazinye. Kulokhu, ukuhlukaniswa okumanzi (njengokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal sedimentation) ngezinye izikhathi kungaba wusizo, kodwa inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziyanda.
Ngakho-ke, uyabona, yonke inqubo yokulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya empeleni iwumzabalazo oqhubekayo kanye nokuvumelana phakathi "kokuchoboza" kanye "nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba." Ukuchoboza kuhloselwe izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, kodwa izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zithambekele ekuhlanganisweni, okuphazamisa ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba; ukuhlukaniswa kuhloselwe ukunemba okukhulu, kodwa kuvame ukuba nzima ngezimpuphu ezincane ezihlanganisiwe. Onjiniyela bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi belinganisa lezi zidingo ezingqubuzanayo.
II. “Izithiyo” kanye “Nezixazululo”: Ameva Nokukhanya Endleleni Yokulawula Usayizi Wezinhlayiya
Ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza ngokuthembekile kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuchoboza nokuhlela. “Izithiyo” eziningana zangempela ziyaphazamisa, futhi ngaphandle kokuzixazulula, ukulawula okunembile akunakwenzeka.
Isithiyo sokuqala ukugxekwa okubangelwa “ubulukhuni.”I-silicon carbide eluhlazaKunzima kakhulu, kudinga amandla amakhulu ukuchoboza, okuholela ekugugeni okukhulu kwemishini. Ngesikhathi sokugaya kahle kakhulu, ukuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya kanye nama-liners kukhiqiza inani elikhulu lokungcola. Lokhu kungcola kuhlangana nomkhiqizo, kubeke engcupheni ubumsulwa bawo. Wonke umsebenzi wakho onzima wokulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya uba yize uma amazinga okungcola ephezulu kakhulu. Njengamanje, imboni ithuthukisa kakhulu imithombo yokugaya kanye nezinto ze-liner ezingagugi, futhi ithuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini, konke lokhu ukuze ibhekane nale "ngwe eqinile."
Ingwe yesibili “umthetho wokukhanga” ezweni lama-powder amahle – i-agglomeration. Uma izinhlayiya zincane, indawo ethile yobuso inkulu, futhi amandla aphezulu obuso; ngokwemvelo zivame “ukuhlangana ndawonye.” Lokhu kuhlangana kungaba “i-agglomeration ethambile” (ebanjwe ndawonye ngamandla aphakathi kwama-molecule, njenge-van der Waals force, okulula ukuwahlukanisa), noma “i-agglomeration eqinile” enamandla kakhulu (lapho ngesikhathi sokuchoboza noma sokubala, izindawo zezinhlayiya zincibilika kancane noma zenze ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ziwahlanganise ndawonye ngokuqinile). Uma ama-agglomerate esevele ekhona, azenza “izinhlayiya ezinkulu” kumathuluzi okuhlaziya usayizi wezinhlayiya, okudukisa kakhulu isahlulelo sakho; ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, njengasekupholisheni uketshezi, la ma-agglomerate “ayizimbangela” eziklwebha ubuso bomsebenzi. Ukuxazulula i-agglomeration kuyinselele yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphandle kokwengeza izithasiselo nokwenza ngcono inqubo ngesikhathi sokuchoboza, indlela enamandla kakhulu ukuguqula ubuso bempuphu, buyinike "ingubo" yokunciphisa amandla obuso futhi buyivimbele ukuthi ingafuni njalo "ukuhlangana ndawonye."
Ⅲ. Ingwe yesithathu ukungaqiniseki okungokwemvelo “ekulinganisweni.”
Wazi kanjani ukuthi usayizi wezinhlayiya ozilawule yilowo ocabanga ukuthi ungowakho? Abahlaziyi bosayizi wezinhlayiya bangamehlo ethu, kodwa izimiso zokulinganisa ezahlukene (ukuphambuka kwe-laser, ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, ukuhlaziywa kwesithombe), kanye nezindlela ezahlukene zokusabalalisa amasampula ngaphansi komgomo ofanayo, zingaveza imiphumela ehluke kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-powder asevele ehlanganisiwe; uma ukuhlakazeka okufanele kungafinyelelwanga ngaphambi kokulinganiswa (isb., ukwengeza ama-dispersants, ukwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic), idatha etholiwe izoba kude nesimo sangempela. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa okuthembekile, ukulawula okunembile kuyinkulumo nje engenalutho.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, imboni ifuna izixazululo njalo. Isibonelo, ukuhluzwa kanye nobuhlakani benqubo yonke kuyisitayela esikhulu. Ngemishini yokuqapha usayizi wezinhlayiya eziku-inthanethi, impendulo yedatha yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwamapharamitha okuchotshozwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kuholela enkambisweni ezinzile kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwendawo buthola ukunakwa okwandayo, akuseyona "ikhambi" ngemva kweqiniso, kodwa buhlanganiswe kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungiselela, bucindezela ukuhlanganiswa okuvela emthonjeni futhi buthuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kwempuphu kanye nokuhambisana kwayo nesistimu yohlelo lokusebenza. III. Ukubizwa Kwezicelo: Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Uba Kanjani "Itshe Lesazi Sefilosofi"?
Kungani kufanele wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya? Ukubheka ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwenza kucace. Emkhakheni wokugaya nokupholisha ngokunembile, njengokupholisha izikrini ze-sapphire nama-wafer e-silicon, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-silicon carbide micro-powder eluhlaza “kuyinsika yokuphila.” Kudinga ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okuncane kakhulu nokufanayo, okungenazo nhlobo “izinhlayiya ezinkulu kakhulu” (ezibizwa nangokuthi “izinhlayiya ezibhubhisayo” noma “izinhlayiya ezibulalayo”), ngaphandle kwalokho ukuklwebheka okukodwa okujulile kungonakalisa yonke into ebizayo yokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-powder akumele ibe nama-agglomerate aqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusebenza kahle kokupholisha kuzoba kuphansi, futhi ukuphela kwendawo ngeke kwanelise. Lapha, ukulawulwa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kugcinwa ngokuqinile ku-nanoscale.
Ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe eziphikisayo, njengefenisha yesitovu se-ceramic kanye nezingxenye zesitofu ezishisa kakhulu, ukulawulwa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kugxile "ekusatshalalisweni kosayizi wezinhlayiya." Izinhlayiya eziqinile nezincane zixutshwa ngesilinganiso esithile; izinhlayiya eziqinile zakha uhlaka, kanti izinhlayiya ezincane zigcwalisa izikhala. Lokhu kuvumela ukushiswa okuqinile nokuqinile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuholela ekumelaneni okuhle nokushaqeka kokushisa. Uma ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kungenangqondo, izinto zizoba nezimbobo futhi zingabi ziqinile, noma ziqhekeke kakhulu futhi zithambekele ekuqhekekeni. Emkhakheni wezinto zobumba ezikhethekile, njengezinto zobumba ezivikela izinhlamvu kanye nezindandatho zokuvala ezingagugi, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya zempuphu buthinta ngqo isakhiwo esincane kanye nokusebenza kokugcina ngemva kokushiswa. Izinto zobumba ezi-ultrafine nezifanayo zinomsebenzi ophezulu wokushiswa, okuvumela ukuminyana okuphezulu kanye nezinto zobumba ezicolekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukisa kakhulu amandla azo nokuqina. Lapha, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya buyimfihlo yangaphakathi "yokuqinisa" izinto zobumba.