Ngenyanga edlule, ngivakashele unjiniyela omkhulu efektri yezinto ezingaphili eHebei. Ekhomba isampula esanda kuthathwe esithandweni somlilo, wangitshela, “Bheka lesi sigaba esiphambene. Ukwengezwa kwe-'green silicon carbide micropowder' kwenza umehluko wangempela; amakristalu aminyene, futhi umbala unembile kakhulu.” “Green silicon carbide micropowder” akhulume ngayo yisihloko sengxoxo yethu namuhla—i-micropowder eluhlaza ye-silicon carbideNakuba kuyisithako esijwayelekile embonini ye-abrasives, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusha emkhakheni wezinto eziphikisayo eminyakeni yamuva nje kube okumangalisayo ngempela.
Ungase ungakholwa, kodwa i-green silicon carbide micropowder ekuqaleni yayiyisithako esisekelayo nje ezintweni eziphikisayo. Eminyakeni yangaphambilini, abanye abakhiqizi babefaka amanani amancane ukuze bathuthukise ukumelana nokuguguleka kwemikhiqizo ethile ephikisayo. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyisithupha edlule, isimo sishintshe ngokuphelele. Njengoba izimboni ezifana nensimbi, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, kanye nezinto zobumba zibeka izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu kuma-oven—ezidinga ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside—ukwakheka kwezinto eziphikisayo ezivamile sekuye kwaba okwanele. Kuleli qophelo, onjiniyela bezinto zokwakha baphendukela emuva kulo “mngane omdala,” bathola ukuthi, uma kusetshenziswa kahle, kwakuyinto “engcebo” yangempela.
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani ithandwa kangaka, sidinga ukubheka amandla ayo ayinhloko. Okokuqala, ayimelani nokushisa.I-silicon carbide eluhlazaIbonisa ukumelana okunamandla kakhulu kwe-oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kunezinto eziningi zendabuko, ihlala izinzile ngisho naku-1600℃ noma ngaphezulu, okufaka isandla ebude besikhathi sama-oven asezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu. Okwesibili, inobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezithinteke kakhulu ukuguguleka kwezinto, njenge-blast furnace tapholes kanye ne-linings yemibhede ejikelezayo enamanzi. Okwesithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, inokuqhuba kahle ukushisa. Lesi sici, ngezinye izikhathi esibhekwa njengesibi (njengoba singandisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa), manje sesisetshenziswa—sesibe yinzuzo ezakhiweni ezidinga ukudluliselwa kokushisa okusheshayo nokulinganayo noma ukumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa.
Lezi zakhiwo zihunyushwa kanjani zibe yizicelo ezisebenzayo? Ake ngibelane ngezibonelo ezimbalwa engizibonele mathupha.
Embonini enkulu yensimbi eShandong, isikhathi sokuphila kwama-lining ezinqoleni zawo zama-torpedo ladle (ama-ladle amakhulu asetshenziselwa ukuthutha insimbi encibilikisiwe) sasiphansi njalo. Kamuva, ithimba lobuchwepheshe lanezela i-silicon carbide micro-powder eluhlaza enobukhulu obuthile bezinhlayiya ku-castable, futhi kwenzeka isimangaliso. I-lining entsha ayizange nje ibonise ukumelana okukhulu nokuguguleka kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-slag, kodwa futhi, ngoba i-micro-powder yagcwalisa ama-pores ku-matrix, yabangela isakhiwo esibanzi kakhulu. Unjiniyela wasendaweni wangitshela ukuthi, “Ngaphambilini, i-lining yama-ladle yayidinga ukulungiswa okukhulu ngemva kokusetshenziswa okungaba amakhulu amabili; manje idlula kalula ukusetshenziswa okungama-350. Lokhu kukodwa kusindisa imali enkulu ezindleleni zokulungisa zonyaka kanye nokulahlekelwa isikhathi sokuphumula.”
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlakaniphile nakakhulu kusezindaweni zokungaguquguquki ezisebenza kahle. Kwamanye ama-oven athuthukile, izingxenye ezahlukene zibhekene nezimo ezihluke kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo zidinga ukumelana nomlilo okukhulu, ezinye ukumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa, kanti ezinye ukungangeni kwamanzi. Indlela ehlakaniphile akusekho ukusebenzisa into eyodwa kukho konke, kodwa ukusebenzisa amafomula ahlukene ezingqimbeni ezahlukene. I-micropowder ye-silicon carbide eluhlaza idlala indima ebalulekile lapha—kungengezwa okwengeziwe engqimbeni yokusebenza ethinta ngqo insimbi encibilikisiwe eshisa kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ukumelana kwayo nokuguguleka okuphezulu; engqimbeni ye-buffer ephakathi, isilinganiso singalungiswa ukuze kulungiselelwe ukuhambisana kokukhula kokushisa; futhi engqimbeni engemuva, kungasetshenziswa impuphu encane noma ingabi bikho nhlobo. Le ndlela enezingqimba ithuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kanye nomnotho. Inkampani eZhejiang ekhiqiza ifenisha ekhethekile ye-ceramic kiln inyuse isikhathi sokuphila sefenisha yayo ye-kiln ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40 isebenzisa le ndlela.
Ungase ubuze, kungani ungangezi nje izinhlayiya eziqinile? Kungani uphikelela ku-"micropowder"? Isihluthulelo sisekhonweni layo lokungagcini nje ngokusebenza njengesigaba sokuqinisa kodwa futhi nokubamba iqhaza ekusabeleni kokusila kwezinto. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lezi zinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zinomsebenzi ophezulu wobuso, zikhuthaza ukusila futhi zisize ekwakheni isibopho se-ceramic esiqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isebenza njengesihlabathi esihle kakhulu, igcwalisa ngokuphelele izikhala phakathi kwezinye izinhlayiya ezihlanganisiwe, inciphisa kakhulu ukugoba. Ngomshini oqinile, i-slag eyingozi kanye nomhwamuko we-alkaline cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungene futhi ubangele umonakalo. Ngibone idatha yokuhlola ebonisa ukuthi kuma-castable angaphikisi anefomula efanayo, ukwengeza inani elifanele le-silicon carbide micropowder eluhlaza kungandisa amandla okuguquguquka kokushisa okuphezulu ngo-20%-30%, futhi ukuthuthuka kokungangeni kwamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu.
Yiqiniso, izinto ezinhle akuyona nje into oyiphonsa ngokungahleliwe. Umthamo, ukwakheka kokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, nokuthi ungakuhlanganisa kanjani nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa (njenge-bauxite, i-corundum, kanye ne-alumina micropowder) konke kuyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okuncane kakhulu ngeke kube nomphumela obonakalayo, kuyilapho okuningi kakhulu kungathinta ukusebenza kahle noma kubize kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kubangele nezinye izinkinga (njengokuzwela kwezinye izimo ezinciphisayo). Lokhu kudinga ochwepheshe ukuba benze izivivinyo eziphindaphindwayo ukuze bathole "ibhalansi efanele." Unjiniyela omdala wake wangitshela isifaniso esifanele kakhulu: "Ukulungisa ifomula kufana nodokotela wezokwelapha waseShayina onikeza umuthi kadokotela; umthamo wesithako ngasinye kumele ucatshangelwe ngokucophelela."
Kuleli qophelo, kungenzeka ukuthi usuqaphele ukuthi indima ye-green silicon carbide micropowder ezintweni eziphikisayo ishintsha isuka "esengezweni" esilula iye "esiguqulini esiyisihluthulelo" esingashintsha isakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zezinto. Akulethi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkomba ezithile kodwa futhi kwandisa amathuba okuklama izinto. Manje, ngisho nezinye izikhungo zocwaningo zifunda ukuthi zingahlanganiswa kanjani ne-nanotechnology kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusabela ngaphakathi ukuze kudalwe isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinto eziphikisayo ezihlakaniphile nezihlala isikhathi eside.
Kusukela kumuntu osekhulile embonini yokuhluza kuya enkanyezini ekhulayo emkhakheni wezinto eziphikisayo, indaba ye-green silicon carbide micropowder isitshela ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivame ukutholakala ekuhlanganiseni okuhlukahlukene kanye nokutholwa okusha ezintweni ezindala. Kufana naleyo mifino ebalulekile ekuphekeni; uma isetshenziswa kahle futhi isezingeni lokushisa elifanele, ingaphakamisa isitsha sonke siye ezingeni eliphakeme. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho ubona lawo ma-oven esimanje esebenza njalo emalangabini, ungase ucabange ukuthi ngaphakathi kolwelwesi lwawo oluqinile, amakristalu amancane aluhlaza angenakuqhathaniswa adlala indima ebalulekile yokusekela ngokuthula. Lokhu mhlawumbe kuyindlela enhle yesayensi yezinto—ingahlala iqhakaza izimbali ezintsha kakhulu ezindaweni zendabuko kakhulu.