Idayimane “lokubaza” nge-laser: ukunqoba into enzima kakhulu ngokukhanya
Idayimaneiyinto enzima kunazo zonke emvelweni, kodwa akuwona nje ubucwebe. Le nto ine-thermal conductivity eshesha ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunethusi, ingamelana nokushisa okukhulu nemisebe, ingadlulisela ukukhanya, insulate, futhi ingaguqulelwa ngisho ne-semiconductor. Kodwa-ke, yilawa “mandla amakhulu” okwenza idayimane libe into “enzima kakhulu” ukucutshungulwa - amathuluzi endabuko awakwazi ukulisika noma ukushiya imifantu. Kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika ubuchwepheshe be-laser lapho abantu bagcina bethole khona ukhiye wokunqoba le “nkosi yezinto zokwakha”.
Kungani i-laser ingakwazi "ukusika" idayimane?
Zicabange usebenzisa ingilazi yokusondeza ukuze ugxilise ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze uthungele iphepha. Umgomo we-laser processing diamond uyafana, kodwa unembe kakhulu. Lapho i-laser enamandla amakhulu ikhanyisa idayimane, kwenzeka “i-carbon athomu metamorphosis” encane kakhulu:
1. Idayimane liphenduka libe igraphite: Amandla e-laser ashintsha isakhiwo sedayimane esingaphezulu (sp³) sibe igraphite ethambile (sp²), njengedayimane “liwohloka” ngokushesha libe umthofu wepensela.
2. I-graphite "iyahwamuka": ungqimba lwe-graphite luyancibilika ekushiseni okuphezulu noma lufakwe umoya-mpilo, lushiya amamaki okucubungula anembile. 3. Ukuphumelela okubalulekile: amaphutha Ngombono, idayimane eliphelele lingacutshungulwa kuphela nge-ultraviolet laser (i-wavelength <229 nm), kodwa empeleni, amadayimane okwenziwa ahlala enokukhubazeka okuncane (njengokungcola nemingcele yokusanhlamvu). Lezi zinkinga zifana “nezimbobo” ezivumela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okujwayelekile (532 nm) noma i-infrared laser (1064 nm) ukuthi kungene. Ososayensi bangakwazi ngisho “ukuyala” i-laser ukuthi iqophe iphethini ethile edayimaneni ngokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwesici.
Uhlobo lwe-laser: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusuka "esithandweni" kuya "kumese weqhwa"
Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser kuhlanganisa amasistimu okulawula izinombolo zekhompiyutha, amasistimu okubona athuthukile, kanye nokunemba okuphezulu nokuma okuzenzakalelayo kocezu lokusebenzela ukuze kwakhiwe isikhungo sokucubungula ucwaningo nokukhiqiza. Isetshenziswa ekucutshungulweni kwedayimane, ingafinyelela ukucubungula okusebenzayo nokunemba okuphezulu.
1. I-Microsecond laser processing I-Microsecond laser pulse ububanzi ibanzi futhi ngokuvamile ifanele ukucutshungulwa okungalungile. Ngaphambi kokuvela kobuchwepheshe bokukhiya imodi, ama-laser pulses ikakhulukazi ayekububanzi be-microsecond ne-nanosecond. Njengamanje, kunemibiko embalwa ekucutshungulweni kwedayimane okuqondile ngamalaser e-microsecond, futhi iningi lawo ligxile kunkambu yohlelo lokusebenza olungemuva.
2. I-Nanosecond laser processing Ama-lasecond lasers okwamanje anesabelo esikhulu semakethe futhi anezinzuzo zokuzinza okuhle, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokucubungula. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ibhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokukhishwa kwe-laser ye-nanosecond iyonakalisa ngokushisa isampula, futhi ukubonakaliswa kwe-macroscopic ukuthi ukucubungula kukhiqiza indawo enkulu ethinteke ekushiseni.
3. I-Picosecond laser processing I-Picosecond laser processing iphakathi kwe-nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium ablation kanye ne-femtosecond laser processing. Ubude be-pulse buyancipha kakhulu, okunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa indawo ethinteke ukushisa.
4. I-Femtosecond laser processing I-Ultrafast laser technology iletha amathuba okucutshungulwa kwenhlawulo yedayimane, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu nokugcinwa kwezindleko ze-laser femtosecond zikhawulela ukukhuthazwa kwezindlela zokucubungula. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluningi oluhlobene lusasele esigabeni saselabhorethri.
Isiphetho
Kusukela "engakwazi ukusika" kuya "kuqopha ngokuthanda", ubuchwepheshe be-laser buye benzaidayimane ayisekho “ivasi” evaleleke elabhorethri. Ngokuphindaphindeka kobuchwepheshe, esikhathini esizayo singabona: ama-chips edayimane achitha ukushisa kumakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha e-quantum asebenzisa amadayimane ukugcina ulwazi, ngisho nezinzwa zedayimane ezifakwe emzimbeni womuntu… Lo mdanso wokukhanya namadayimane ushintsha izimpilo zethu.