Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqhumisa isihlabathi, ochwepheshe abanolwazi kulo mkhakha bayazi ukuthi "kungumsebenzi onembile" ekuphatheni ubuso. Ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisai-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwenjengoba i-abrasive, idinga kokubili ikhono kanye nolwazi. Eminyakeni edlule, ngisebenza eshabhu, ngibone abasebenzi abaningi abasha bebhekene nenqubo, okwangenza ngaqaphela ukuthi imboni yethu idinga ngempela inqubo yokusebenza ejwayelekile. Namuhla, ngizokwabelana ngeminyaka yami yesipiliyoni futhi ngixoxe ngobunzima bokuqhumisa i-sandblasting ye-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe.
I. Ukulungiselela: Ukulola Izembe Ngaphambi Kokugawula Izinkuni
Ukulungiselela kahle kwenza inqubo yokuqhumisa isihlabathi ibe lula kakhulu. I-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe iyinto eqinile futhi eqinile, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi. Okokuqala, into kumele ihlolwe ngokucophelela. Vula isikhwama sokupakisha bese uthatha isandla ukuze uyihlole. Izinhlayiya ze-alumina ezimhlophe ezihlanganisiwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu kufanele zifane, zibe nombala omhlophe, ocacile kancane, futhi zingabi nakungcola okusobala. Uma umbala umpunga noma usayizi wezinhlayiya ungaguquguquki, kunenkinga ngaleyo nqwaba yezinto. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini nakho kubalulekile. Isilinganiso sokucindezela umoya kufanele sibe ngaphakathi kwebanga le-0.6-0.8 MPa. Ukucindezela okungazinzile kuzoholela ekuqhumeni okungalingani, njengesandla esinyakazayo ngenkathi upenda. I-nozzle yokufutha idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile; nge-abrasives eqinile njenge-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe, ukuguguleka kwe-nozzle kushesha kakhulu kunezinye izinto. Ngokuvamile ngincoma ukuthi uyihlole njalo emahoreni angu-40 omsebenzi, futhi uyishintshe uma ukuguguleka kudlula ingxenye yeshumi yobubanzi bangaphakathi.
Izindlela zokuzivikela zibalulekile ekuphepheni, hhayi nje ekubukisweni. Isethi ephelele yezingubo zokuzivikela, izibuko zokuphepha, kanye nemaski yothuli konke kubalulekile. Ngibone izisebenzi ezisencane zizama ukonga isikhathi ngokungagqoki izibuko zokuphepha, futhi inhlayiya yesihlabathi ebuyayo icishe yashaya iso lazo. Esinye sezehlakalo ezinjalo siningi kakhulu.
II. Inqubo Yokusebenza: Ukunemba Kuzo Zonke Izinyathelo
Ukusetha ipharamitha "kuyinkanyezi eqondisayo" yokuqhuma kwesihlabathi. Ukukhethai-corundum grit emhlopheUsayizi uncike ezidingweni ezithile zento yokusebenza – i-grit eqinile (20-40 mesh) ifanele ukususa isikali se-oxide esijiyile, i-grit ephakathi (60-80 mesh) ifanele ukwelashwa kwendawo evamile, kanti i-grit encane (100 mesh nangaphezulu) ifanele izingxenye ezinembile. I-engeli nebanga nakho kubalulekile: isibhamu sokufafaza kanye nendawo yokusebenza kufanele kube yi-engeli engama-degree angu-60-80, futhi ibanga kufanele libe phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-150-300. Uma leli banga lingalawulwa kahle, ukusebenza kahle kuzoba kuphansi, noma indawo yokusebenza izolimala.
Indlela yokuqhuma ngesanti incike ngokuphelele ekhonweni. Uma ngifundisa abafundi bami, ngivame ukuthi, “Gcina isihlakala sakho siguquguquka futhi sinyakaze ngokulinganayo.” Isibhamu sokufafaza akufanele sihlale endaweni eyodwa; kufanele sihanjiswe emuva naphambili ngokulinganayo, njengokupenda. Indawo ehambisanayo kufanele ilawulwe cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ukuze kugwenywe “imivimbo” engalingani. Kwizinto zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi, kufanele uqale uphathe imiphetho, imifantu, nezinye izindawo ezinzima, bese uphatha izindawo ezinkulu ezisicaba. Uma lokhu kuhleleka kuguqulwa, umphumela wokwelapha emaphethelweni uzophazamiseka nakanjani. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuncike ekubonweni kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Kungakanani ukuqhuma okwanele? Lokhu kuncike ezintweni zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokwelashwa. Ukuze kususwe ukugqwala kwesakhiwo sensimbi esijwayelekile, kufanele ubone insimbi engenalutho; uma kungukwandisa ukunamathela kokugqoka, ukugoba kobuso obufanayo kwanele. Nginendlela elula: ngemva kokuqhuma, thinta indawo ngesandla sakho. Uma kuzwakala sengathi kuqediwe ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kwamabala aqinile noma abushelelezi, khona-ke umsebenzi ubhekwa njengofanelekile.
III. Izinyathelo Zokuqapha: Amathiphu Abalulekile Asekelwe Kokuhlangenwe Nakho
Kunezindawo eziningana lapho izinkinga zingase zenzeke khona ikakhulukazi nge-ukuqhuma kwesihlabathi kwe-corundum emhlophe, futhi ngidinga ukugcizelela. Okokuqala ukulawula uthuli. Uthuli olukhiqizwa yi-corundum emhlophe luhle kakhulu futhi luhlala lumile isikhathi eside. Umoya wokusebenza endaweni yokusebenzela kumele ube muhle, futhi imishini yokuqoqa uthuli kumele isebenze kahle. Ngibonile amanye amafektri amancane evula futhi evala abaqoqi bothuli ukuze onge ugesi, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi abasebenzi bathole i-pneumoconiosis. Lokhu konga imali encane kodwa kubiza izimpilo. Okwesibili, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe izinto. I-corundum emhlophe ayishibhile, ngakho-ke phinda usebenzise ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, qaphela ukuthi i-corundum emhlophe ephinde yasetshenziswa kumele ihlungwe ukuze kususwe impuphu ecolekile nokungcola, bese ixutshwa nezinto ezintsha ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa kuphela akuvezi imiphumela emihle, kuyilapho ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha kuphela kubiza kakhulu. Isilinganiso esingaba ngu-3:7 (izinto ezintsha nezindala) ngokuvamile sibhekwa njengesifanele.
Ukugcinwa kwemishini kuvame ukunganakwa. Ngemva komsebenzi wansuku zonke, izinto ezisele ezirhabaxa emshinini wokuqhumisa isihlabathi kufanele zithululwe, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esinomswakama, njengoba i-corundum emhlophe ivame ukuhlangana ndawonye. Amapayipi kufanele ahlolwe njalo ukuze athole ukuthi agugile futhi ayavuza. Ukunganaki lezi mininingwane emincane kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zemishini, okubangela ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko zokulungisa eziphezulu.
IV. Ukuqonda Kwami
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuqhuma kwesihlabathi, ngikholelwa ukuthi ukumiswa kwesimo akusikho ukuguqula abantu babe yimishini, kodwa kumayelana nokudlulisela ulwazi olubalulekile. Wonke umsebenzi onolwazi unamaqhinga akhe amancane. Isibonelo, lapho ngiqhumisa isihlabathi amashidi amancane kakhulu, nginciphisa ingcindezi ngo-0.1 MPa; lapho ngisebenza nge-aluminium alloys, ngigcina isibhamu sokufafaza sikude kancane. Le mininingwane ingase ingabhalwanga ngokucacile ezinqubweni zokusebenza, kodwa ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi.
Intsha efunda lobu buchwepheshe akufanele ithembele kuphela ekufundeni izincwadi kanye nasekubambeni ngekhanda izinqubo; kudingeka ingcolise izandla zayo futhi iqaphele ngokucophelela. Ngivame ukutshela abafundi bami ukuthi: “Ekuqhumeni ngesihlabathi, udinga amehlo abukhali, izandla ezizinzile, kanye nengqondo ecophelelayo.” Ukubuka izinguquko ebusweni obuqhunyiswayo kanye nokuzwa ukudlidliza kwesibhamu sokufafaza - lezi yizinto okuhlangenwe nakho ezidinga isikhathi ukuze ziqongelele.
Ekugcineni, ukwenziwa kwe-standardization kwe-i-corundum emhlopheInqubo yokuqhuma kwesihlabathi ihlose ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Kodwa izindinganiso ziqinile, kuyilapho abantu bevumelana nezimo. Empeleni, kumelwe silandele iziqondiso ngenkathi futhi sivumelana nezimo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuzoba usizo kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ngiyakwamukela ochwepheshe esikanye nabo ukuthi bashintshane ngemibono futhi basize ekwenzeni imboni yethu ibe nobungcweti kakhudlwana.