Uma sikhuluma ngezindiza, okufika engqondweni kungaba amarokhethi anamandla, izindiza zempi ezikhuphukayo, noma osomkhathi abahamba ngezinyawo emkhathini. Kodwa ungase ungaqapheli ukuthi ngemuva kwale mishini yanamuhla, impuphu encane ensundu idlala indima ebalulekile -i-alumina ensundu ehlanganisiweI-micro-powder. Leli gama lingase lizwakale liphansi kancane, kodwa ungalithathi kancane. I-alumina ensundu exutshwe kahle empeleni iwuhlobo lwalokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi “i-emery,” enobunzima obulandela idayimane kuphela, kodwa ngentengo engabizi kakhulu. Eminyakeni yangaphambilini, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekugayeni izinsimbi emasondweni okugaya kanye nephepha lokusanti, isebenza njengehhashi elisebenzayo emkhakheni wezimboni. Kodwa le nto elula nengenasizotha manje yenza iminikelo emangalisayo esigabeni “sobuchwepheshe obuphezulu” sezindiza.
Ushintsho Olumangalisayo Kusukela “Esitsheni Sokugaya” Kuya “Esivikelweni Sokuvikela”
Izinto zezindiza zibeka phambili “ukukhanya” kanye “namandla.” Amaphiko kudingeka abe lula ukuze andize akhuphuke kakhulu; i-fuselage idinga ukuba namandla ukuze imelane nokubanda okukhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme, ukungqubuzana okukhulu lapho kwephula isithiyo somsindo, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu asabekayo ngaphakathi kwenjini. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziqinile ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo. Yilapho-kei-alumina encane ehlanganisiwe ensundukuyangena. Onjiniyela bathole ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokufafaza ngesivinini esikhulu "ukushisela ngokubandayo" le mpuphu encane ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njengezinsika ze-turbine nezindonga zegumbi lokusha, bangakha "isivikelo se-ceramic" esincane kunezinzipho kodwa siqine kakhulu. Naphezu kobuncane baso, lolu ngqimba oluvikelayo lwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezinsika izikhathi eziningana ngaphansi kokuhluzwa kwegesi yokushisa ephezulu engu-1600-degree Celsius. "Kufana nokunikeza inhliziyo yenjini 'ivesti elivikela izinhlamvu'," kuchaza unjiniyela osemnkantsh' ubomvu osebenze efektri yezinjini iminyaka engamashumi amabili. "Ngaphambilini, izinsika kwakudingeka zishintshwe ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sokusetshenziswa, kodwa manje zingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwemvelo zithuthukisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwendiza."
Izicelo Ezitholakala Kuzo Zonke Izindawo, Kusukela Esibhakabhakeni Kuya Emhlabeni
Amandla e-alumina micro-powder ensundu ehlanganisiwe adlulela ngale kwezinjini kuphela.
Ake siqale ngezindiza. Izindiza zabagibeli zanamuhla kanye nezindiza zempi zisebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezihlanganisiwe, njenge-carbon fiber. Le nto ilula futhi inamandla, kodwa inephutha: izindawo lapho izinto ezahlukene zihlanganiswa khona zivame ukuhlukana. Isixazululo? Ngaphambi kokubopha, izindawo ezihlangene “ziyaqina” kusetshenziswa i-slurry enomoya oshisayo oqukethe i-alumina micro-powder ensundu ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuqina okulula; kudala amaphuzu amaningi e-anchor ezingeni elincane kakhulu, okuvumela i-glue ukuthi “ibambe” ngokuqinile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuthuthukisa ukumelana kokukhathala koxhumano lwephiko ne-fuselage ngaphezu kwama-30%.
Manje cabanga ngezindiza. Lapho amarokhethi edlula emkhathini, i-nose cone kanye nezinhlangothi eziholayo zamaphiko zithola ubunzima "bokubhujiswa ngomlilo." Lapha, i-alumina micro-powder ensundu ehlanganisiwe ifakazela ukubaluleka kwayo ngenye indlela - isetshenziswa njenge-core reinforcement particle ekulungiseleleni izembozo zokulwa ne-oxidation. Ukuyifaka ezimbozweni ezikhethekile ze-ceramic bese uyifafaza phezu kwezingxenye ezingamelani nokushisa, le filimu yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide oluqinile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ivimbela ngempumelelo ukungena kwe-oxygen okulandelayo futhi ivikele izinto zangaphakathi ekubhujisweni. Ngaphandle kwayo, izindiza eziningi eziphinde zingene emkhathini cishe "zingeke zibonakale."
Ukuba khona kwayo kungatholakala ngisho naseziphuphutheni naseziteshini zasemkhathini. Ama-bearings kanye nezingxenye ezihambayo zezinye izinsimbi ezinembile kudingeka zigcine ukusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside endaweni engenalutho kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu esikhala. Ama-bearings e-ceramic apholishwe kahle nge-alumina micro-powder ensundu exutshwe anomsoco ophansi kakhulu wokungqubuzana futhi cishe awakhiqizi udoti ogugile, okuba "isiqinisekiso" esiqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwalezi zingxenye iminyaka eyishumi noma engamashumi amabili ekuzuleni.
“Izinto Ezindala” Zihlangabezana Nezinselele “Zokuhlakanipha Okusha”
Yiqiniso, ukusebenzisa le "mpahla endala" ezindaweni ezibucayi zezindiza akulula njengokuletha izinto ezisusayo ezivela efektri. Kunezinto eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile.
Inselele enkulu kunazo zonke “ubumsulwa” kanye “nokufana.” Impuphu encane ye-alumina ensundu ehlanganisiwe edingekayoizinhlelo zokusebenza zezindizakumele kube msulwa kakhulu, cishe kungabi nokungcola nhlobo, ngoba noma iyiphi ingxenye engafuneki ingaba yindawo yokuqala yokuqhekeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okuphezulu noma amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nesimo kumele kufane kakhulu; ngaphandle kwalokho, isembozo sizoba namaphuzu abuthakathaka. “Lokhu kufana nokwenza ikhekhe eliphezulu; awudingi izithako ezinhle kakhulu kuphela, kodwa ufulawa kumele uhlungwe kahle futhi ngokulinganayo,” kusho unjiniyela wokulawula ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha. “Inqubo yethu yokuhlola nokuhlanza iqine kakhulu kunezidingo zekhishi lehhotela elinezinkanyezi ezinhlanu.”
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela "yokufaka" le mpuphu ezingxenyeni nayo iyisayensi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu njengamanje ukufutha ngomlilo we-supersonic, okuvumela izinhlayiya ze-micro-powder ukuthi zithinte i-substrate ngesivinini somsindo izikhathi eziningana, okuholela ekubopheni okuqinile kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile.
Ikusasa lesibhakabhaka lidinga lolu hlobo “lwamandla.”
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezindiza buqhubekela phambili emikhawulweni ephakeme, esheshayo, nekude, izidingo zezinto zizoqina kakhulu. Izindiza ze-Hypersonic, izindiza-mkhathi ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, ama-probe asemkhathini ajulile... lezi zinkanyezi zesikhathi esizayo zonke zincike ekuvikelweni okukhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwei-brown corundum micro-powderfuthi iya esiqondisweni esihlakaniphe kakhulu nesihlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, ososayensi bazama "ukuyixuba" nezinye izakhi, noma ukuyihlanganisa nezinto ezintsha ezifana ne-graphene. Umgomo akukhona nje ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kodwa futhi nekhono lokuzwa ngokuhlakanipha umonakalo ngisho nokuzilungisa ngokwawo emazingeni okushisa athile. Isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinjini ze-aero kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukushisa zendiza yasemkhathini cishe zizosebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesembozo esiqinisiwe "esihlakaniphile".
Indaba ye-brown corundum micro-powder iyi-microcosm yezinto eziningi zezimboni zaseShayina: ezavela emvelaphi ephansi, kodwa zithola indima engenakuphindwa ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe. Kungase kungabi kuhle njenge-titanium alloys, noma kube yimfashini njenge-carbon fiber, kodwa yilawa “mandla” athule, angemuva kwezithombe asekela amaphupho esintu okundiza, ukudabula esibhakabhakeni nokundiza aye ezindaweni ezikude zesikhala esijulile.
Uma sibheka isibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi futhi sijabulele ukuqaliswa ngakunye okuphumelelayo, mhlawumbe singakhumbula ukuthi ngaphansi kwalokho kukhanya okukhazimulayo kwensimbi, kunezinhlayiya ezincane ezingenakubalwa, eziqinile ezinsundu ezikhipha buthule amandla azo abalulekile.