Umnikelo oyingqayizivele we-alumina powder ezintweni kazibuthe
Uma uqaqa injini ye-servo enesivinini esikhulu noma iyunithi yokushayela enamandla emotweni entsha yamandla, uzothola ukuthi izinto ezisebenza kahle kazibuthe zihlala zisemnyombo. Lapho onjiniyela bexoxa ngamandla okuphoqelela namandla kazibuthe asele, bambalwa abantu abazoqaphela ukuthi impushana emhlophe ebonakala ijwayelekile,i-alumina powder(Al₂O₃), udlala ngokuthula indima “yeqhawe ngemuva kwezigcawu”. Ayinayo i-magnetism, kodwa ingaguqula ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo; ayiconductive, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqulwa kwamanje. Embonini yesimanje ephishekela izindawo zokugcina kazibuthe, umnikelo oyingqayizivele we-alumina powder ubonakala ngokucacile nakakhulu.
Embusweni wama-ferrites, yi-“okusanhlamvu umngcele magic“
Ukuhamba ungene endaweni yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza ye-ferrite ethambile enkulu, umoya ugcwele iphunga elikhethekile lokushisa okuphezulu kwe-sintering. U-Old Zhang, ingcweti yezandla emgqeni wokukhiqiza, wayevame ukuthi: “Esikhathini esidlule, ukwenza i- manganese-zinc ferrite kwakufana namabhanisi ashisayo. Namuhla, inani elincane le-alumina powder lifakwa ngokunembile kufomula, futhi isimo sihluke kakhulu.
Indima eyinhloko ye-alumina powder lapha ingabizwa ngokuthi "i-grain boundary engineering": isakazwa ngokulinganayo emingcele phakathi kwezinhlamvu ze-ferrite. Cabanga nje ukuthi izinhlamvu ezincane ezingenakubalwa zihleleke ngokuseduze, futhi ukuhlangana kwazo kuvame ukuba izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zezakhiwo kazibuthe kanye “nezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu” zokulahleka kazibuthe. Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, impushana ye-alumina enhle kakhulu (imvamisa izinga le-submicron) ishunyekiwe kulezi zindawo zomngcele wokusanhlamvu. Afana “namadamu” amancane angenakubalwa, avimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukukhula okusanhlamvu okudlulele ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okwenza usayizi wokusanhlamvu ube mncane futhi usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.
Enkundleni yempi ye-hard magnetism, i-“i-stabilizer yesakhiwo“
Jikela ukunaka kwakho emhlabeni wezidonsa ezihlala njalo ze-neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuthi "inkosi yezibuthe", inamandla amakhulu futhi iwumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wokushayela izimoto zesimanje zikagesi, izinjini zomoya, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha enembayo. Kodwa-ke, inselele enkulu isangaphambili: I-NdFeB ijwayele "ukukhipha kazibuthe" emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi isigaba sayo sangaphakathi esicebile nge-neodymium sithambile futhi ayinakho ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elincane le-alumina powder livela futhi, lidlala indima ebalulekile "yesithuthukisi sesakhiwo". Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-sintering ye-NdFeB, kwethulwa i-ultrafine alumina powder. Ayifaki i-lattice yesigaba esikhulu ngobuningi, kodwa isakazwa ngokukhetha emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi lezo zindawo zesigaba ezicebile ze-neodymium.
Phambili komazibuthe abayinhlanganisela, “ingumxhumanisi onezici eziningi”
Umhlaba wezinto zikazibuthe usathuthuka. Isakhiwo sikazibuthe esiyinhlanganisela (njenge-Halbach array) ehlanganisa amandla kazibuthe wokugcwala okuphezulu nezici zokulahlekelwa eziphansi zezinto ezithambile zikazibuthe (njengezinsimbi zempushana yensimbi) kanye nezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu okuphoqeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kazibuthe ezihlala njalo zidonsa ukunaka. Kulolu hlobo lokuklama olusha, i-alumina powder ithole isiteji esisha.
Lapho kudingekile ukuhlanganisa izimpushana kazibuthe zezakhiwo ezahlukene (ngisho nezimpushana ezingasebenzi kazibuthe) futhi ulawule ngokunembile ukufakwa kanye namandla omshini wengxenye yokugcina, i-alumina powder iba i-insulating coating ekahle noma indawo yokugcwalisa ngokufakwa kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukungabi namakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali nokuhambisana okuhle nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto.
Ukukhanya kwekusasa: kucashile futhi kuhlakaniphe kakhudlwana
Ukusetshenziswa kwei-alumina powderemkhakheni weizinto kazibuthekusekude ukuphela. Ngokujula kocwaningo, ososayensi bazibophezele ekuhloleni ukulawulwa kwezikali ezicashile:
I-Nano-scale ne-doping enembile: Sebenzisa i-nano-scale alumina powder enosayizi ofanayo nokusabalalisa okungcono, futhi uhlole nendlela yayo yokulawula enembayo yokuphinwa kodonga lwesizinda kazibuthe esikalini se-athomu.
I-alumina powder, le oxide evamile evela emhlabeni, ngaphansi kokukhanyiselwa kokuhlakanipha komuntu, yenza umlingo obonakalayo emhlabeni ongabonakali wamagnetic. Ayikhiqizi insimu kazibuthe, kodwa ivula indlela yokudlulisela okuzinzile nokuphumelelayo kwendawo kazibuthe; ayishayeli ngokuqondile idivayisi, kodwa ifaka ubungqabavu obunamandla kakhudlwana ezintweni eziyinhloko kazibuthe zedivayisi yokushayela. Esikhathini esizayo sokuphishekela amandla aluhlaza, idrayivu kagesi ephumelelayo kanye nokuqonda okuhlakaniphile, umnikelo oyingqayizivele nobalulekile we-alumina powder ezintweni kazibuthe uzoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngokusekela okuqinile nokuthulile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi ku-symphony enkulu yokuqanjwa kabusha kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, amanothi ayisisekelo kakhulu ngokuvamile aqukethe amandla ajulile - lapho isayensi nobuciko buhlangana, izinto ezijwayelekile zizokhanya ngokukhanya okungavamile.