Ukuthuthukiswa kwempuphu ye-Alumina ezintweni zokunyathelisa ze-3D
Ngingena elabhorethri yaseNorthwestern Polytechnical University, indawo yokwelapha ukukhanyaIphrinta ye-3D Ivungazela kancane, futhi umsebe we-laser uhamba ngqo ku-slurry ye-ceramic. Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa nje, i-core ye-ceramic enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi njenge-maze ivezwe ngokugcwele - izosetshenziselwa ukuphonsa ama-turbine blades ezinjini zezindiza. UProfesa Su Haijun, ophethe lo msebenzi, wakhomba ingxenye ebucayi wathi: “Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, asizange silokothe sicabange ngokunemba okunjalo. Impumelelo eyinhloko ifihliwe kule mpuphu ye-alumina engabonakali.”
Kwake kwaba nesikhathi, izinto zobumba ze-alumina zazifana “nomfundi onenkinga” emkhakheni we-Ukuphrinta kwe-3D– amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuvikela okuhle, kodwa uma isiphrintiwe, yaba nezinkinga eziningi. Ngaphansi kwezinqubo zendabuko, i-alumina powder ayinamanzi amaningi futhi ivame ukuvimba ikhanda lokuphrinta; izinga lokuncibilika ngesikhathi sokusila lingafinyelela ku-15%-20%, kanti izingxenye eziphrintiwe ngomzamo omkhulu zizoshintsha futhi ziqhekeke ngokushesha nje lapho zishiswa; izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi? Kuyinto yokunethezeka nakakhulu. Onjiniyela bakhathazekile: “Le nto ifana nomculi onenkani, onemibono yasendle kodwa engenazandla ezanele.”
1. Ifomula yesiRashiya: Ukubeka “izikhali ze-ceramic” phezui-aluminiumi-matrix
Ushintsho lwaqala ngokuguquka komklamo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngo-2020, ososayensi bezinto ezibonakalayo abavela eNyuvesi Kazwelonke Yesayensi Nobuchwepheshe (i-NUST MISIS) yaseRussia bamemezela ubuchwepheshe obuphazamisayo. Esikhundleni sokuxuba nje i-aluminium oxide powder, bafaka i-aluminium powder ehlanzekile kakhulu ku-autoclave futhi basebenzisa i-hydrothermal oxidation ukuze "bakhulise" ungqimba lwefilimu ye-aluminium oxide enobukhulu obulawulwa kahle ebusweni be-aluminium ngayinye, njengokufaka ungqimba lwe-nano-level armor ebholeni le-aluminium. Le powder "yesakhiwo segobolondo eliyinhloko" ikhombisa ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngesikhathi sokuphrinta kwe-laser 3D (ubuchwepheshe be-SLM): ubulukhuni buphakeme ngo-40% kunobezinto ze-aluminium ezihlanzekile, futhi ukuzinza kokushisa okuphezulu kuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, kuhlangabezana ngqo nezidingo zebanga lendiza.
USolwazi u-Alexander Gromov, umholi wephrojekthi, wenza umfanekiso ocacile: “Esikhathini esidlule, izinto ezihlanganisiwe zazifana namasaladi – ngayinye yayiphethe ibhizinisi layo; izimpushana zethu zifana namasangweji – i-aluminium ne-alumina zilumana ungqimba nongqimba, futhi azikho ezingakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwenye.” Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuqinile kuvumela izinto ukuthi zibonise ikhono lazo ezingxenyeni zezinjini zezindiza kanye nohlaka lomzimba olulula kakhulu, futhi ziqala ngisho nokuphonsela inselelo indawo ye-titanium alloys.
2. Ukuhlakanipha kwamaShayina: umlingo "wokubeka" izinto zobumba
Iphuzu elibuhlungu kakhulu lokunyathelisa nge-alumina ceramic ukuncibilika kwe-sintering - ake sithi uxove ngokucophelela isithombe sobumba, bese sincipha sibe usayizi wezambane ngokushesha nje lapho singena kuhhavini. Sizobhidlika malini? Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, imiphumela eyanyatheliswa yithimba likaSolwazi uSu Haijun eNorthwestern Polytechnical University kuyi-Journal of Materials Science & Technology yaveza imboni: bathole i-alumina ceramic core cishe incipha ngesilinganiso sokuncibilika esingu-0.3% kuphela.
Imfihlo ukwengezaimpuphu ye-aluminiyamuukuze i-alumina bese idlala "umlingo womkhathi" oqondile.
Faka i-aluminiyamu impuphu: Hlanganisa u-15% we-aluminiyamu ecolekile ku-slurry ye-ceramic
Lawula umoya: Sebenzisa isivikelo segesi ye-argon ekuqaleni kokusha ukuze uvimbele i-aluminium powder ukuthi ingangcolisi
Ukushintsha okuhlakaniphile: Uma izinga lokushisa lenyuka laya ku-1400°C, shintsha ngokuzumayo umoya ube umoya
Ukushiswa kwe-in-situ: Impuphu ye-aluminiyamu iyancibilika ngokushesha ibe amaconsi bese ishiswa ibe yi-aluminiyamu oxide, futhi ukwanda kwevolumu kuvimbela ukushiswa kwe-aluminiyamu
3. Ukuguquka kwe-Binder: i-aluminium powder iphenduka “inhlaka engabonakali”
Ngenkathi amaqembu aseRussia nawaseShayina esebenza kanzima ekuguqulweni kwempuphu, enye indlela yobuchwepheshe isivuthiwe buthule - kusetshenziswa impuphu ye-aluminium njenge-binder.Ukuphrinta kwe-3DAma-binder ikakhulukazi ama-resin e-organic, azoshiya imigodi lapho eshiswa ngesikhathi sokususa amafutha. Ilungelo lobunikazi leqembu lasekhaya lika-2023 lithatha indlela ehlukile: ukwenza i-aluminium powder ibe yi-binder esuselwe emanzini47.
Ngesikhathi sokuphrinta, i-nozzle ifutha ngokunembile “iglue” equkethe i-50-70% yempuphu ye-aluminium oxide ungqimba lwempuphu ye-aluminium oxide. Uma kukhulunywa ngesigaba sokususa amafutha, i-vacuum iyadonswa bese kudluliswa i-oxygen, bese i-aluminium powder i-oxidized ibe yi-aluminium oxide ku-200-800°C. Isici sokwanda kwevolumu okungaphezu kuka-20% kuyivumela ukuthi igcwalise ngokugcwele ama-pores futhi inciphise izinga lokuncibilika libe ngaphansi kuka-5%. “Kufana nokudiliza i-scaffolding nokwakha udonga olusha ngesikhathi esifanayo, ugcwalise imigodi yakho!” unjiniyela wakuchaza ngale ndlela.
4. Ubuciko bezinhlayiya: ukunqoba kwempuphu eyindilinga
"Ukubonakala" kwempuphu ye-alumina kuye kwaba yisihluthulelo sentuthuko ngokuzumayo - lokhu kubonakala kubhekisela esimweni sezinhlayiya. Ucwaningo olukumagazini i-"Open Ceramics" ngo-2024 luqhathanise ukusebenza kwempuphu ye-alumina eyindilinga nengajwayelekile ekuphrintiweni kwe-fused deposition (CF³)5:
Impuphu eyindilinga: igeleza njengesihlabathi esihle, izinga lokugcwalisa lidlula u-60%, futhi ukuphrinta kubushelelezi futhi kuthambile
Impuphu engajwayelekile: inamathele njengoshukela oqinile, i-viscosity iphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-40, futhi umlomo uvaliwe ukuze ungabaza impilo
Okungcono nakakhulu, ubuningi bezingxenye eziphrintiwe ngempuphu eyindilinga budlula kalula u-89% ngemva kokusha, futhi ukuphela kobuso kuhlangabezana ngqo nezindinganiso. “Ubani osasebenzisa impuphu “embi” manje? Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyindlela yokulwa ngempumelelo!” Uchwepheshe wamomotheka wabe esephetha5.
Ikusasa: Izinkanyezi nolwandle kuhlala ndawonye nezincane nezinhle
Uguquko lokunyathelisa lwe-3D lwempuphu ye-alumina alusekho. Imboni yezempi ihole ekusebenziseni ama-cores okuncipha acishe abe yi-zero ukukhiqiza ama-turbofan blades; insimu yezokwelapha ithathe indlela yokusebenzisana kwayo nezinto eziphilayo futhi yaqala ukunyathelisa izimila zamathambo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso; imboni ye-elekthronikhi ihlose ama-substrate okusatshalaliswa kokushisa - phela, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kanye nokuhanjiswa okungekhona kukagesi kwe-alumina akunakuthathelwa indawo.