Izidingo Zokuhlanzeka ze-White Corundum Emishinini Yokucubungula Ukudla
Ngehora lesihlanu ekuseni, uMqondisi uLi wefektri wakhamuluka njengoba ecindezela umnyango we-workshop, iphunga elinamandla lesibulali-magciwane se-ozone limshaya. Njengenjwayelo, wahamba waya ku-spiral juicer esanda kufakwa, iminwe yakhe ixubha ingaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali, elalizwakala libushelelezi njengesibuko. “Old Wang, lokhu kuhlanza okusha kuhle kakhulu! Kungcono kakhulu kune-batch yokugcina. Akukho ngisho ne-burr eyodwa ethinta!” Umqhubi u-Old Wang wamomotheka. “Ngempela, imifantu edalwe yileli 'powder elimhlophe le-sapphire' yenza izinsalela zezithelo zibe bushelelezi njenge-loach. Zimbalwa kakhulu izingongolo ezingahlanzekile!” Le “powder elimhlophe le-sapphire” ababhekisela kuyo iyinto eyinhloko egcina umzila wokuphila wemishini yokucubungula ukudla: izinga lokudlai-corundum emhlophe.
Ezweni lokucubungula ukudla, “ukuhlanzeka” kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane noma ukugoba ebusweni bemishini kungaba yindawo yokuzalela amabhaktheriya futhi kugcine ngisho nemfucumfucu yensimbi, kungcolise umkhiqizo. I-micropowder emhlophe ye-corundum esezingeni lokudla “iyisikhali esiqinile” sokunqoba le nselele. Yenziwe nge-alumina ehlanzekile kakhulu (Al₂O₃ ≥ 99.5%), incibilikiswa esithandweni sikagesi se-arc, ipholiswe futhi iqiniswe, bese ichotshozwa futhi ilinganiswe. Inesisindo sobulukhuni obufika ku-9. Kodwa-ke, izidingo zezinga lokudla zidlula nje “ubulukhuni”; zigcizelela “ubumsulwa” kanye “nokuhlanzeka.”
Ubumsulwa buyindlela yokuphila yokuphepha kokudla. I-corundum emhlophe evamile yezimboni ingagcina inani elincane lokungcola kwensimbi njengensimbi ne-chromium. Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, ngisho nengxenye eyodwa kwesigidi ingaba yinhlekelele. Ngikhumbula imboni yejusi yendawo eminyakeni emithathu edlule ibhekene nesigameko lapho amazinga amaningi ezinsimbi ezisindayo atholakala khona emikhiqizweni yayo. Umthombo kwakuwukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisusa insimbi ngesikhathi sokupholisha. Lezi zinhlayiya zensimbi zangena emithungweni yokushisela futhi kamuva zancibilikiswa yijusi ene-asidi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-corundum emhlophe yezinga lokudla isusa lezi zingozi emthonjeni: izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhethiwe ngokucophelela, indawo yokuncibilikisa ayinazo izinto ezingcolile, futhi umkhiqizo oqediwe uhlolwa yi-ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo kuhlala kungaphansi kakhulu kwemingcele eqinile ebekwe yi-GB 4806.9-2016 ejwayelekile kazwelonke, “Izinto Zensimbi Nezihloko Ezihloselwe Ukuxhumana Nokudla.” Ngamazwi kaLao Zhang ovela eMnyangweni Wokuhlola Ikhwalithi, “Le mpuphu ihlanzekile kakhulu, kufana nokuyisebenzisa njengesikena sokuphepha semishini. Kufanele 'uhlanzeke' wena kuqala!”
Ukuma kwezinhlayiya kunquma ukusinda kwezindawo ezingaboni kahle. Ukupholisha imishini yokudla akukhona ukuthi “icwebezela” kangcono; isihluthulelo ukudala indawo engenawo ukungcola. Cabanga ngethangi lokuxuba lensimbi engagqwali. Lipholishiwe ngezinto ezivamile ezisusayo ezinemiphetho ebukhali, libonakala likhazimula, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ligcwele “izindawo zokucasha” ezincane kakhulu—indawo yemvelo yokuphephela amagciwane nezinsalela. I-micropowder emhlophe ye-corundum esezingeni lokudla isebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile yokubumba ukudala izinhlayiya ezicishe zibe yindilinga. Njengoba uLao Wang echaza, “Ngangivame ukusebenzisa i-powder engeyona i-brand, futhi imishini ngemva kokupholisha yayifana nengilazi eqandisiwe—ibushelelezi uma uyithinta, kodwa igcwele imigodi emincane uma uyihlolisisa kahle. Manje, ngale mpuphu eyindilinga, ifana nesibuko sangempela! Yihlanze ngejusi, futhi akukho lutho olunamathelayo ebusweni.” Izinhlayiya eziyindilinga zigoqwa ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokupholisha, kunokuba zisikwe, kunciphisa imifantu emincane nemigodi, okwenza indawo yemishini ibe “lula ukuyihlanza futhi ingabi nezinsalela.”
Ukwelashwa kwendawo kwakha ukuzivikela kwamagciwane. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama wezindawo zokukhiqiza ukudla kudala indawo yokukhula kwamagciwane. Nakuba i-white corundum powder evamile izinzile ngokwemvelo, ingaba umthombo wokungcola uma imunca umswakama noma ukungcola okungokwemvelo. Imikhiqizo yezinga lokudla kumele ibhekane nokwelashwa okukhethekile kokudlula kanye nokuvalwa kwe-pore: i-calcination yokushisa okuphezulu isusa izindawo ezisebenzayo ebusweni, bese izinhlayiya zimbozwa nge-silane coating yezinga lokudla. Lokhu "kumbozwa okuvikelayo" akugcini nje ngokuvimbela i-abrasive ekumunceni ukungcola kwemvelo, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukusabalala okufanayo nokuzinzile ku-slurry yokupholisha. Unjiniyela esitshalweni sobisi wake wabelana, "Ngemuva kokushintshela ekuphathwenii-white corundum powder, izinga lokuphasa ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane ngemva kokuhlanzwa kwemishini lenyuke ngo-30%. Kufana nokufaka ungqimba 'lwe-wax' ebusweni bemishini, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukuthi kungapheli isikhathi eside!
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula kanye nenqubo eqinile yokuhlanzeka evaliwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-corundum emhlophe emishinini yokudla kungaphezu kwenqubo elula yokusula uthuli nokupholisha. Kusukela ekupholiseni ama-welds ematangini okuxuba kuya ekubunjweni kwe-chocolate okuqedela isibuko, kumele kulandelwe izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka eziqinile "ezingenalo uthuli, ezingenawo amafutha, nezilandelekayo". Ukupholisha kumele kwenziwe endaweni ehlanzekile, ehlukanisiwe kusetshenziswa i-lubricant yokupholisa yezinga lokudla (ngokuvamile amanzi ahlanjululwe noma uwoyela wemifino ocolisisiwe) ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa uwoyela wamaminerali. Ngemva kokupholisha, imishini idlula enkambisweni yokuhlanza yezigaba eziningi: ukususa amafutha e-alkaline, ukudlulisa i-asidi, bese ekugcineni ihlanzwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile kuze kube yilapho ukuhanjiswa komoya kufinyelela ezingeni elibekiwe. Yonke inqubo ifana nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, lapho isinyathelo ngasinye sibhalwe phansi. Umkhiqizi wokudla oqandisiwe othumela e-EU ude wayala izinga lokuhlanzeka komoya le-Class 100,000 endaweni yokusebenzela yokupholisha—le mpuphu emhlophe ye-corundum “idansa ngempela ekamelweni elingcolile.”
Uma sibheka phambili, izidingo zokuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwemboni yokudla zizoqhubeka nokuba nzima kakhulu. Ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile nokuku-inthanethi kuzoba umkhuba. Isibonelo, ama-slurry okupholisha i-corundum emhlophe anezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe angaqapha i-pH, ukuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqukethwe kokungcola ngesikhathi sangempela; kanti i-corundum emhlophe eguqulwe ngezingubo zokulwa namagciwane ingathuthukiswa ukuze inikeze izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane ezindaweni zemishini ngesikhathi sokupholisha. Isazi sezinto zokwakha uDkt. Wu wake wagomela wathi, “Ukuvela kwe-corundum emhlophe yezinga lokudla kuyimpi encane kakhulu yokulwa nokungcola kwamagciwane kanye nokufuduka kwamakhemikhali. Kungaphezu nje kokukhuhla; kuyisithiyo sokuqala esingokwenyama ekuphepheni kokudla.”
Lapho umgodi wensimbi engagqwali ukhanya ngokulinganayo ngaphansi kokukhanya, lapho ushokoledi uphuma esikhumbeni sawo ngokuqeda okuphelele kwesibuko, lapho umugqa wokugcwalisa ujusi ugezwa ngomfutho ophezulu futhi ungatholi mkhondo wezinsalela zamagciwane—ngemuva kwakho konke kulele i-corundum micropowder emhlophe yezinga lokudla, igcina buthule isithembiso sayo “sobulukhuni, ubumsulwa, nokuhlanzeka.” Ayinawo ukukhanya okukhazimulayo, kodwa ngamandla ayo angenakunyakaziswa kanye nobuntu bayo obumsulwa, yakha udonga olungabonakali lokuzivikela endaweni ebalulekile lapho imishini ihlangana khona nokudla, ivikela ukuphepha kolimi lwethu.
Ezweni lokucubungula ukudla, izindinganiso zokuhlanzeka eziqinile zivame ukuqala ngezinga elingabonakali nelingabonakali lokushelela.