Idayimane "eliqopha" nge-laser: ukunqoba izinto eziqine kakhulu ngokukhanya
Idayimanekuyinto enzima kakhulu emvelweni, kodwa akuyona nje ubucwebe. Le nto inokushisa okuphindwe kahlanu ngokushesha kunethusi, ingamelana nokushisa okukhulu kanye nemisebe, ingadlulisela ukukhanya, ifake umswakama, futhi ingaguqulwa ibe yi-semiconductor. Kodwa-ke, yilawa “amandla amakhulu” enza idayimane libe yinto “enzima kakhulu” ukuyicubungula – amathuluzi endabuko awakwazi ukuyisika noma ukushiya imifantu. Kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika ubuchwepheshe be-laser lapho abantu ekugcineni bathola khona isihluthulelo sokunqoba le “nkosi yezinto”.
Kungani idayimane "ingasika" nge-laser?
Cabanga usebenzisa ingilazi yokukhulisa ukuze ugxilise ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze uvuthe iphepha. Isimiso sokucubungula idayimane nge-laser sifana, kodwa sinembile kakhulu. Lapho umsebe we-laser onamandla aphezulu ukhanyisa idayimane, kwenzeka “ukuguqulwa kwe-carbon atom” encane kakhulu:
1. Idayimane liphenduka i-graphite: Amandla e-laser ashintsha isakhiwo sedayimane esingaphezulu (sp³) sibe i-graphite ethambile (sp²), njengoba nje idayimane “iwohloka” ngokushesha ibe umsizi wepensela.
2. I-Graphite “iyahwamuka”: ungqimba lwe-graphite luyawa phansi ekushiseni okuphezulu noma luqoshwe umoya-mpilo, kushiye amamaki okucubungula aqondile. 3. Impumelelo Eyinhloko: Amaphutha Ngokwethiyori, idayimane ephelele ingacutshungulwa kuphela yi-ultraviolet laser (ubude be-wavelength <229 nm), kodwa empeleni, amadayimane okwenziwa ahlala enamaphutha amancane (njengokungcola nemingcele yokusanhlamvu). La maphutha afana “nezimbobo” ezivumela ukukhanya okuluhlaza okuvamile (532 nm) noma i-infrared laser (1064 nm) ukuthi kumuncwe. Ososayensi bangaze “bayale” i-laser ukuthi iqophe iphethini ethile kudayimane ngokulawula ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphutha.
Uhlobo lwe-laser: Ukuvela “esithandweni somlilo” kuya “emmese weqhwa”
Ukucubungula nge-laser kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha, izinhlelo zokukhanya ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nokubeka umsebenzi ngokunemba okuphezulu nangokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kwakheke isikhungo sokucwaninga nokukhiqiza. Isetshenziswa ekucubungulweni kwedayimane, ingafeza ukucubungula okuphumelelayo nokunembile.
1. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-microsecond Ububanzi be-pulse ye-laser ye-microsecond bubanzi futhi ngokuvamile bufanelekela ukucutshungulwa okungahleliwe. Ngaphambi kokuvela kobuchwepheshe bokukhiya imodi, ama-pulse e-laser ayekububanzi be-microsecond kanye ne-nanosecond. Njengamanje, kunemibiko embalwa mayelana nokucutshungulwa kwedayimane ngqo ngama-laser e-microsecond, futhi iningi lawo ligxile ensimini yesicelo sokucubungula ngemuva.
2. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-Nanosecond Ama-laser e-Nanosecond okwamanje athatha isabelo esikhulu semakethe futhi anezinzuzo zokuzinza okuhle, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokucubungula. Asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokususa i-laser ye-nanosecond ilimaza isampula ngokushisa, futhi ukubonakaliswa kwe-macroscopic ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kukhiqiza indawo enkulu ethintekile ukushisa.
3. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-Picosecond Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-Picosecond kuphakathi kokukhishwa kwe-nanosecond laser thermal equilibrium kanye nokucutshungulwa kwe-femtosecond laser cold. Ubude be-pulse buncishiswa kakhulu, okunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa yindawo ethintekile ekushiseni.
4. Ukucutshungulwa kwe-laser ye-Femtosecond Ubuchwepheshe be-laser obusheshayo buletha amathuba okucutshungulwa kwe-diamond fine, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwe-laser ye-femtosecond zikhawulela ukukhuthazwa kwezindlela zokucubungula. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluningi oluhlobene lusesesigabeni selabhorethri.
Isiphetho
Kusukela “ekungakwazi ukusika” kuya “ekuqopheni ngokuthanda”, ubuchwepheshe be-laser benzeidayimane akuseyona “ivase” ebhajwe elabhorethri. Ngokuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe, esikhathini esizayo singase sibone: ama-chip edayimane aqeda ukushisa kumaselula, amakhompyutha e-quantum asebenzisa amadayimane ukugcina ulwazi, ngisho nama-biosensor edayimane afakwe emzimbeni womuntu… Lo mdanso wokukhanya namadayimane ushintsha izimpilo zethu.