Inqubo Yokulungiselela kanye Namathuba Okusetshenziswa Kwe-White Fused Alumina Micropowder
Abantu abaningi bangathola igama elithi “i-alumina micropowder emhlophe ehlanganisiwe"Akujwayelekile lapho siqala ukukuzwa. Kodwa-ke, uma sikhuluma ngokugaya izembozo zengilazi zefoni ephathekayo, ukupholisha amabheringi anembile, noma izinto zokupakisha ze-chip, wonke umuntu uzokubona lokho—ukukhiqizwa kwale mikhiqizo konke kuncike kule mpuphu emhlophe ebonakala ingabalulekile. Le nto ayithambile njengofulawa; inobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezizinzile, okwenza ibe nedumela "lamazinyo ezimboni" ezweni lezimboni. Ukufeza ukucubungula ezingeni le-micropowder kudinga ubuciko obucophelelayo.
I. Inqubo Yokulungiselela: Amakhono Ayikhulu Enqubweni Ebucayi
Ukulungisa i-white fused alumina micropowder akuyona nje indaba yokugaya izingcezu ezinkulu. Njengokulungiselela ukudla okucwengekile kwe-Huaiyang, isinyathelo ngasinye, kusukela ekukhetheni izithako kuya ekuphekeni, kumele siphathwe ngokunembile. Isinyathelo sokuqala "ukukhetha izinto ezifanele." Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa zokulungiselela i-white fused alumina yi-industrial alumina powder, futhi ubumsulwa bale mpuphu bunquma ngqo "umsuka" we-micropowder. Ngaphambilini, amanye amafektri ayesebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile kancane ukuze onge imali, okuholela ku-micro-powder enokungcola okwengeziwe, okwakubangela imihuzuko kalula lapho kupholishwa izinto zokusebenza. Manje, wonke umuntu uhlakaniphile futhi angathanda ukusebenzisa imali eningi ukuthenga i-high-purity alumina kunokonakalisa idumela lakhe ezigabeni ezilandelayo. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwe-alumina kumele kube ngaphezu kuka-99.5%, futhi ukungcola okufana nensimbi ne-silicon kumele kulawulwe ngokuqinile.
Isinyathelo sesibili “ukuncibilikisa nokwakha amakristalu,” isikhathi “sokuzalwa”i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe. Impuphu ye-alumina ifakwa esithandweni somlilo se-arc kagesi, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka khona lize lifike ku-2000℃—umbono omangalisayo ngempela. Iphuzu elibalulekile enkambisweni yokuncibilikisa ukuncibilikisa ukulawula izinga lokupholisa. Ukupholisa okusheshayo kakhulu kuholela kubukhulu bezinhlayiya zekristalu ezingalingani; ukupholisa okuhamba kancane kakhulu kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Izingcweti ezinolwazi zithembele kokuhlangenwe nakho ukuze zilalele umsindo we-arc kagesi futhi zibone umbala welangabi ekuvulekeni kwesithando somlilo ukuze zahlulele isimo ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo. Nakuba izinhlelo zokuqapha izinga lokushisa ezihlakaniphile sezitholakala manje, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho "kokuhlanganiswa kwesithando somlilo nomuntu" kusalokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amabhlogo ekristalu e-alumina amhlophe ancibilikisiwe, anobulukhuni obulandela idayimane kuphela, kumele kuqala “achotshozwe kakhulu” kusetshenziswa umshini wokuchoboza umhlathi. Kulesi sigaba, izinhlayiya zisafana namatshe amancane, azikwazi ukwenziwa ama-micron.
Isinyathelo sesithathu, "ukuchoboza nokubeka amamaki," yiwona mqondo wangempela wobuchwepheshe futhi yiwona ovame ukuba nezinkinga.
Eminyakeni yangaphambilini, amafektri amaningi ayesebenzisa imishini yokugaya ibhola, ethembele ekushayweni kwamabhola ensimbi ukugaya izinhlayiya. Nakuba ilula, le ndlela yayinezinkinga eziningana: okokuqala, yayingenisa kalula ukungcoliswa kwensimbi; okwesibili, ukuma kwezinhlayiya kwakungajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kuyi-engela; kanti okwesithathu, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kwakubanzi, kanti ezinye izinhlayiya zazincane kakhulu kanti ezinye ziqinile kakhulu. Le ndlela iye yancishiswa kakhulu ezisetshenzisweni eziphezulu.
Njengamanje, indlela eyinhloko ukugaya i-air jet. Isimiso siyathakazelisa impela: izinhlayiya eziqinile zisheshiswa ukuhamba komoya okushesha kakhulu, okubangela ukuba zishayisane futhi zigudlane, ngaleyo ndlela zichotshozwe. Yonke inqubo yenzeka ohlelweni oluvaliwe, okungenakho ukungcola. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokulungisa ingcindezi yokuhamba komoya kanye nesivinini se-classifier, usayizi wokugcina wezinhlayiya ungalawulwa ngokunembile. Uma kwenziwa kahle, izinhlayiya eziyindilinga noma eziseduze nesiyingi zingatholakala, zikwazi ukugeleza kahle, okwenza zifaneleke kakhulu ekupholisheni ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokugaya i-air jet ayiyona ikhambi. Ukuguguleka kwemishini kungaholela ekungcoleni kwensimbi, futhi ukunemba kwesondo le-classifier kunquma ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya. Ngivakashele inkampani esebenza kahle lapho amasondo ayo okulinganisa ehlolwa ukuthi ajikelezile masonto onke kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokunemba; noma yikuphi ukuphambuka okuncane kulungiswa ngokushesha noma kushintshwe. Umphathi wokukhiqiza uthe, “Kufana namathayi emoto; uma ibhalansi enamandla ivaliwe, imoto ngeke isebenze kahle.”
Isinyathelo sokugcina “ukususwa kokungcola nokwelashwa kobuso.” Impushana ecoliwe kumele igezwe nge-asidi noma iphathwe ngokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kususwe insimbi nokungcola okukhululekile ebusweni. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhethekile, ukuguqulwa kobuso kuyadingeka futhi—isibonelo, ukumboza nge-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane ukuze impushana ikwazi ukusabalala ngokulinganayo kuma-resin noma opende, kuvimbele ukuhlangana. Kuyo yonke inqubo, uzothola ukuthi kusukela ensimbini kuya empushaneni, isinyathelo ngasinye siwumzabalazo wokulwa nobunzima, ubumsulwa, kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya. Noma yiziphi izindlela ezinqamulelayo kule nqubo zizobonakala ekugcineni ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo.
II. Amathemba Okusebenzisa: Isigaba Esikhulu Sezimpuphu Ezincane
Uma inqubo yokulungiselela “iwukuhlakulela amakhono angaphakathi,” khona-ke amathuba okusebenzisa “aya ezweni.” Umhlaba we-white fused alumina micropowder uya ngokuya uba mkhulu.
Isigaba sokuqala esikhulu ukunembaukupholisha nokugaya. Lokhu kunamandla ayo endabuko, kodwa izidingo ziya ngokuya zifunakala. Isibonelo, ukupholisha ingilazi yeselula, ama-sapphire substrates, nama-silicon wafers manje kudinga ukujiya kobuso ezingeni le-nanometer. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziqinile ku-white fused alumina micropowder: usayizi wezinhlayiya kumele ufane kakhulu (i-D50 ilawulwe ngokuqinile), kungabi nezinhlayiya ezinkulu ezibangela izinkinga; izinhlayiya kumele zibe nobunzima obukhulu kodwa zibe nezakhiwo ezifanele "zokuzilola"—kumele zikwazi ukuveza imiphetho emisha ebukhali ngesikhathi sokuguguleka ukuze zilondoloze ikhono lokupholisha eliqhubekayo; futhi kumele zihambisane kahle nama-slurry okupholisha.
Imakethe yesithathu engaba khona ukuqinisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ukwengeza i-alumina micropowder emhlophe ehlanganisiwe kumapulasitiki obunjiniyela, irabha, noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ensimbi kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana kokuguguleka kwezinto, ubulukhuni, kanye nokushisa. Isibonelo, ezinye izingxenye ezingagugi ezinjini zezimoto kanye nezindawo zokufaka imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu zihlola lolu hlelo lokusebenza. Isihluthulelo lapha inkinga "yokubopha isixhumi" - i-micropowder kanye nezinto ze-matrix kumele "zibophane ngokuqinile," okusibuyisela ekubalulekeni kwezinqubo zokwelashwa komhlaba. Isiqondiso sesine esisezingeni eliphezulu yizinto zokunyathelisa ze-3D. Kubuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa be-3D njenge-selective laser sintering (SLS), i-white fused alumina micropowder ingasetshenziswa njengesigaba sokuqinisa, ixutshwe ne-metal noma i-ceramic powders, ukunyathelisa izingxenye ezingagugi ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kuletha izinselele ezintsha ngokuphelele ekugelezeni, ubuningi be-bulk, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-micronized powder - ungqimba lwe-powder olufanayo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokunyathelisa.
III. Izinselele Nekusasa: Izithiyo Nezimpumelelo
Nakuba amathuba ethembisa, kusenezinselelo eziningi. Inkinga enkulu isemikhiqizweni ephezulu. Isibonelo, empuphu ye-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe esetshenziselwa ukupholisha ama-chip (i-CMP), imikhiqizo yasekhaya isasele ngemuva kwemikhiqizo ephezulu evela eJapan naseJalimane ekuzinzeni kwe-batch kanye nokulawulwa kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu. Umqondisi wokuthenga enkampanini yezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor ungitshele ukuthi, “Akukhona ukuthi asisekeli imikhiqizo yasekhaya, ukuthi asikwazi ukuthatha ingozi. Uma i-batch eyodwa inenkinga, ama-wafers omugqa wokukhiqiza wonke kungadingeka alahlwe, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu.”
Izizathu zalokhu ziyinkimbinkimbi: Okokuqala, imishini yokugaya nokulinganisa ephezulu isathembele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe; imishini yethu isalele emuva ngokunemba nokuqina. Okwesibili, ukunemba kokulawulwa kwenqubo akwanele; ngokuvamile, kusathembele kokuhlangenwe nakho kochwepheshe abanolwazi, ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele ukulawula okuqhutshwa idatha nokuhlakanipha. Okwesithathu, izindlela zokuhlola azanele; isibonelo, ukubalwa okunembile kwezinhlayiya ezincane kune-0.5 micrometer kanye nokuhlaziywa okusheshayo kwezibalo zesimo sezinhlayiya ngazinye—le mishini yokuhlola ephezulu nayo ivela kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, asikho isidingo sokuphelelwa yithemba ngokweqile. Izinkampani eziningana zasekhaya ziyafinyelela ezingeni elilandelayo. Ezinye zibambisana namanyuvesi ukutadisha indlela yokuchoboza izinhlayiya ekugayweni kwendiza yomoya, zithuthukisa ngokwemfundiso imingcele yenqubo; ezinye zitshala imali eningi ekwakheni imigqa yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile, nazo zonke imingcele yenqubo ebalulekile ziqashwe ku-inthanethi futhi zilungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo; kanti ezinye zakha ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuguqulwa kwendawo ukuze zenze i-powder eyenziwe nge-micron isebenze kangcono ezimweni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Ngikholwa ukuthi izitayela zentuthuko zesikhathi esizayo zizohamba ngezindlela eziningana: Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Ukwenza ngokwezifiso izimpushana ezenziwe nge-micron ezinobukhulu obuhlukene bezinhlayiya, izimo, kanye nezakhiwo zomphezulu ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende athile—isikhathi sendlela “efanelana nosayizi owodwa” sesiphelile. Ukukhiqizwa Okuhlakaniphile: Ukufeza ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwenqubo yokukhiqiza nge-Intanethi Yezinto, idatha enkulu, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweqembu. Ukukhiqizwa Okuluhlaza: Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcola, njengokulungiswa kokonga amandla enkambisweni yokuchoboza kanye nokuvuselela nokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza kadoti. Ukusungula Isicelo: Ukuqinisa ukubambisana namakhasimende angaphansi komhlaba ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni ekhulayo, njengezingubo zokuhlukanisa amabhethri amasha kanye nokucubungula izihlungi ze-ceramic ze-5G.
Indaba kai-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiweImpuphu encibilikisiwe iyisici esincane sokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza yaseShayina. Kusukela ekuqaleni okulula nokungacwengekile "kokugaya nokuthengisa" kuya "kwezixazululo zesistimu" ezicwengekile zamanje, le ndlela ithathe amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi ukuncintisana kwangempela akukhona ekuphatheni izinsiza, kodwa ekuqondeni okujulile kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokulawula okuphelele izinqubo. Ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuma, kanye nobumsulwa bayo yonke impuphu encane, kanye nokwenza ngcono yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza, kudinga isineke, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, umuzwa ojulile wokumangala.
Uma i-alumina micro-powder yethu emhlophe ehlanganisiwe ingakwazi ukupholisha ingilazi yewashi kuphela kodwa futhi igaye i-chip; hhayi nje ukuqinisa isitini esiphikisayo kodwa futhi nokusekela ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, khona-ke sesishintshe ngempela “ekukhiqizeni” saya “ekukhiqizeni okuhlakaniphile.” Le ngxenyana ye-white powder ayigcini nje ngokunemba kwemboni kodwa futhi nokujula nokuqina kwemboni yezinto eziyisisekelo zesizwe. Uhambo oluzayo lude, kodwa isiqondiso sicacile—ukuphokophela phezulu, ukunaka imininingwane, nokusebenzisa izixazululo ezisebenzayo.