Isingeniso somkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-silicon carbide emnyama
I-silicon carbide emnyama(okufingqiwe ngokuthi i-silicon carbide emnyama) yinto yokwenziwa engeyona eyensimbi eyenziwe ngesihlabathi se-quartz ne-petroleum coke njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko futhi incibilika ekushiseni okuphezulu esithandweni sokumelana. Inokubonakala okumnyama okumpunga noma okumnyama, ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, ukuguquguquka okuhle kokushisa kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali. Iwumkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu wezimboni futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-abrasives, izinto eziphikisayo, i-metallurgy, i-ceramics, i-electronics neminye imikhakha.
Ⅰ. Izici zokusebenza ze-silicon carbide emnyama
Ubulukhuni be-Mohsi-silicon carbide emnyamaiphakeme ngokufinyelela ku-9.2, isibili ngemva kwedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride, futhi inokumelana nokugqokwa okuqinile kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Iphuzu layo lokuncibilika licishe libe ngu-2700°C, futhi lingakwazi ukugcina ukusimama kwesakhiwo ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu futhi akulula ukubola noma ukonakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ine-conductivity enhle yokushisa kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo, futhi isabonisa ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kokuthuthumela okushisayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezimo zengcindezi ephezulu.
Mayelana nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, i-silicon carbide emnyama inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kuma-acids nama-alkali, futhi ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. I-conductivity yayo ephezulu iphinde iyenze ibe enye impahla yezinto ezithile zokushisa zikagesi kanye nezinkambu ze-semiconductor.
Ⅱ. Amafomu omkhiqizo oyinhloko kanye nokucaciswa
I-silicon carbide emnyama ingenziwa ibe amafomu ahlukahlukene ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa:
I-block material: amakristalu amakhulu ngemva kokuncibilika, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukucubungula kabusha noma njengezithasiselo ze-metallurgical;
Isihlabathi esiyimbudumbudu (isihlabathi se-F/P): sisetshenziselwa ukwenza amasondo okugaya, ama-sandblasting abrasives, sandpaper, njll.;
I-Micro powder (uchungechunge lwe-W, D): isetshenziselwa ukugaya okunembe kakhulu, ukupholishwa, ukucwiliswa kwe-ceramic, njll.;
I-Nano-level micro powder: isetshenziselwa izinto zobumba ze-elekthronikhi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezishisayo, njll.
Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana busukela ku-F16 kuye ku-F1200, futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-micro powder bungafinyelela izinga le-nanometer, elingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zemikhakha ehlukene yohlelo lokusebenza.
Ⅲ. Izindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-silicon carbide emnyama
1. Ama-Abrasives namathuluzi okugaya
Ama-Abrasives yizindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zendabuko futhi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-silicon carbide emnyama. Isebenzisa ubulukhuni bayo obuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokuzilola, i-silicon carbide emnyama ingasetshenziswa ukwenza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene e-abrasive, njengamasondo okugaya, ama-disc okusika, i-sandpaper, amakhanda okugaya, ama-pastes okugaya, njll., efanelekile ukugaya nokucubungula izinto ezifana nensimbi ephonsiwe, insimbi, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, i-ceramics, ingilazi kanye nemikhiqizo ye-quart.
Izinzuzo zayo ijubane lokugaya ngokushesha, akulula ukuvala, nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula okuphezulu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ukuhlobisa izakhiwo nezinye izimboni.
2. Izinto eziphikisayo
Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, i-silicon carbide emnyama isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezinto eziphikisayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ingenziwa ibe izitini ze-silicon carbide, izinsimbi zesithando somlilo, ama-crucibles, amashubhu okuvikela i-thermocouple, amathuluzi omlilo, ama-nozzles, izitini ze-tuyere, njll., futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezishisa kakhulu ezifana ne-metallurgy, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, ugesi, ingilazi, usimende, njll., ukuthuthukisa impilo yokusebenza kwemishini nokuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ze-silicon carbide zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokulwa ne-antioxidant ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu ze-oxidizing futhi zifanele ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zeziqhumane ezishisayo, ama-blast furnaces nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
3. Imboni ye-Metallurgical
Ezinqubweni ze-metallurgical ezifana nokwenza insimbi nokuphonsa, i-silicon carbide emnyama ingasetshenziswa njenge-deoxidizer, i-ejenti yokufudumala kanye ne-recarburizer. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni nokukhishwa kokushisa okusheshayo, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuncibilika kahle futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase futhi kunciphise okuqukethwe ukungcola enqubweni yokuncibilika futhi kubambe iqhaza ekuhlanzeni insimbi encibilikisiwe.
Ezinye izigayo zensimbi futhi zengeza ingxenye ethile ye-silicon carbide ukuze kulungiswe ukwakheka ekuncibilikisweni kwe-cast iron ne-ductile iron ukuze konge izindleko futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokulingisa.
4. I-Ceramics kanye nezinto ze-elekthronikhi
I-silicon carbide emnyama nayo iyimpahla eluhlaza ebalulekile yezitsha zobumba ezisebenzayo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ze-ceramics zesakhiwo, i-ceramics resistant, i-thermal conductive ceramics, njll., futhi inamathemba abanzi emkhakheni we-electronics, imboni yamakhemikhali, imishini, njll. Ine-conductivity enhle kakhulu ye-thermal, ene-thermal conductivity efika ku-120 W / m·K, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokushisa ezishisayo kanye ne-thermal conductive interface disrsipa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon carbide ingene kancane kancane emkhakheni we-semiconductors yamandla futhi ibe yinto eyisisekelo yamadivayisi asezingeni eliphezulu kanye ne-high-voltage. Nakuba ukuhlanzeka kwe-silicon carbide emnyama kungaphansi kancane kunokwe-silicon carbide eluhlaza, kuyasetshenziswa futhi kweminye imikhiqizo kagesi ephakathi nendawo nephansi.
5. Izimboni ze-Photovoltaic nezintsha zamandla
I-silicon carbide powder emnyama isetshenziswa kakhulu ekusikeni ama-wafers e-silicon embonini ye-photovoltaic. Njenge-abrasive kwinqubo yokusika ucingo lwedayimane, inezinzuzo zobulukhuni obuphezulu, obuqinileukusikaamandla, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi, kanye nendawo yokusika eshelelayo, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuvunwa kwama-silicon wafers nokunciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kwe-wafer nezindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamandla amasha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha bezinto ezibonakalayo, i-silicon carbide nayo ithuthukiswa izinkambu ezisafufusa ezifana ne-lithium battery negative electrode additives kanye nabathwali be-ceramic membrane.
Ⅳ. Isifinyezo kanye ne-Outlook
I-silicon carbide emnyama idlala indima engenakushintshwa emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni ngemishini yayo emihle kakhulu, eshisayo namakhemikhali. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ukulawula usayizi wezinhlayiyana zomkhiqizo, ukucwengisiswa kokuhlanzeka kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinkambu zokufaka isicelo, i-silicon carbide emnyama ithuthukela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu nokunemba.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngokukhuphuka okusheshayo kwezimboni ezifana namandla amasha, i-ceramics ye-elekthronikhi, ephezuluukugaya kanye nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, i-silicon carbide emnyama izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza okuphezulu futhi ibe yingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo lobuchwepheshe bezinto ezithuthukisiwe.