Ucwaningo kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwemikhiqizo Yesihlabathi Esisha SeZirconia
Uma kukhulunywa ngezinto zokwakha zezimboni, abantu abaningi abavamile bangase bathole ukuthi le ndaba iyacasula, kodwa empeleni kunezinkinga eziningi kuyo.i-zirconia, isibonelo. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babengase bacabange ukuthi isetshenziselwa izinto ezifana nemimese yobumba kanye namazinyo okufakelwa, into eqinile necwebezelayo. Kodwa kulabo bethu abahilelekile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, iyigugu. Imikhiqizo yesihlabathi se-zirconia entsha evele eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi, ixazulule izinkinga ezibalulekile ngempela futhi inikeza amathuba amahle okusetshenziswa.
Ngikhumbula ngiya embukisweni wemboni eminyakeni emibili edlule futhi ngixoxa nonjiniyela osemnkantshubomvu owayesebenze ezintweni ezingaphili iminyaka eminingi. Washaya ithanga lakhe wathi, “He, mfowethu, awuqondi! Imboni yokuncibilikisa manje ibeka izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu ezintweni! Izinga lokushisa liya likhuphuka, futhi imvelo iya ngokuya iba nzima. Izinto zendabuko azikwazi ukuyiphatha. Thatha i-zirconia, isibonelo. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inhle kakhulu—imelana nokushisa okuphezulu futhi izinzile ngamakhemikhali. Kodwa isihlabathi se-zirconia esikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zendabuko noma asinabo ubumsulwa, ukufana kwezinhlayiya okubi, noma ukungazinzile. Futhi ibiza kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisebenzisa. Ngokuvamile, kufana nokuthi 'intando ikhona, ikhono alikho.'”
Washaya isipikili ekhanda. Lena yinhloso yokuqala yocwaningo lwethu olusha lwesihlabathi se-zirconia kanye nentuthuko—akusikho yini ukunqoba lezi zinselele ezindala?
Ngakho-ke ukusungula izinto ezintsha kukuphi ngempela? Ake ngichaze.
Okokuqala, "i-core" kumele ishintshe. I-zirconia yangaphambilini yayinenkinga: isakhiwo sayo sekristalu sasingazinzile. Lapho izinga lokushisa lishintshashintsha, yayingalwa ngaphakathi, idale imifantu emincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusebenza kwayo kwawohloka. Indlela yethu entsha ihilela ukulungiswa okukhulu ekwakhiweni nasekucutshungulweni. Ngokwethula iziqinisi ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu, njenge-yttrium, kuhlanganiswe nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye namasu okuchoboza nokuhlela ayinkimbinkimbi, sifinyelele lo mkhiqizo omangalisayo: "i-zirconia ezinzile kancane." Ngamanye amazwi, kufana nokwakha "uhlaka lwensimbi" ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-zirconia, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziqinile lapho zidingeka futhi zithambile lapho zidingeka, ngokungafani nezinto ezibuthakathaka, ezonakala kalula zesikhathi esidlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubumsulwa bukhula kancane kancane, amazinga okungcola agcinwa ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Okwesibili, kufanele kuqashelwe nokubukeka nesimo. Izihlabathi ze-zirconia ezintsha zigcizelela kakhulu ukubukeka—hhayi nje kuphela emincintiswaneni yobuhle, kodwa maqondana nokwakheka kwezinhlayiya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi. Izinhlayiya “ezimangelengele” ezazikhona ngaphambili, ezinobukhulu obungalingani, zaziyinhlekelele ekusetshenzisweni okunembile. Manje, ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokugaya i-air jet kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal, singakhiqiza ama-micropowder e-zirconia acishe abe yindilinga anobukhulu bezinhlayiya obufana kakhulu. Thatha idlanzana bese kuzwakala sengathi ufulawa omuhle kakhulu, kodwa ubulukhuni bawo buphakeme kakhulu. Lokhu kufana kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswa njengesembozo noma into yokuhudula, imiphumela izinzile futhi iyafana, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okungalingani.
Ukukhuluma kakhulu akusizi ngalutho; intuthuko kumele isetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo. Lokhu okushaizihlabathi ze-zirconiamanje sezifunwa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene esezingeni eliphezulu.
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, ukubumba ngokunemba kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezincane neziyinkimbinkimbi ze-superalloy njengezinsika zenjini yendiza kanye nezinsika ze-gas turbine. Amazinga okushisa okubumba afinyelela ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius ayi-1,000, okubeka izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu ezintweni zegobolondo lesikhunta. Ama-topcoat enziwe ngalesi sihlabathi esisha se-zirconia anikeza ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kanye ne-coefficient yokukhulisa ukushisa efanayo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphela kobuso bokubumba, okwenza amaphutha afana nokuqoqwa kwesihlabathi kanye nama-burrs angabonakali, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuphothula okulandelayo. Abadwebi abanolwazi bathi, “Ukusebenzisa lesi sihlabathi esisha, umsebenzi uyamangalisa ngempela!”
Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lusezingeni eliphezuluukugaya nokupholisha. Ingilazi yethu yeselula, ilensi yekhamera, kanye nama-wafer ahlukahlukene e-semiconductor adinga izindawo ezibushelelezi kakhulu; ngisho nokuklwebheka okuncane kakhulu kuzoholela ekuklwebhekeni. I-zirconium oxide micropowder entsha, enobulukhuni bayo obuphezulu, usayizi wezinhlayiya ezifanayo, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhemikhali nezemishini, iwuketshezi lokupholisha olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinga lokususa lilawulwa ngokunembile, futhi ukumelana nokuklwebheka kuncane, kufinyelela indawo ebushelelezi ngempela ezingeni le-nanoscale noma ngisho ne-athomu. Kalula nje, isikrini sakho sefoni sizwakala sibushelelezi ngenxa yaso.
Kukhona futhi nezingubo zokuvikela ukushisa. Izinjini zezindiza kanye nama-turbine egesi zingamelana kanjani namazinga okushisa anzima kangaka? Izingxenye ezibalulekile zifuthwa “ngejazi lokuvikela ukushisa.” Enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kule jazi yi-zirconium oxide-based ceramics. Isihlabathi se-zirconium oxide esisha, esinokumelana kwaso okuhle kakhulu nokuqina kwesigaba, siyinto eluhlaza eyinhloko yokulungiselela lawa ma-powder okuvikela aphezulu, ahlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokuphila kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingatholakala ezintweni zobumba zesakhiwo sezindawo ezinzima, izinto ezishintshashintshayo ezithuthukisiwe, ngisho nezinto zezokwelapha eziphilayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyanda.
Esikhathini esizayo, ngikholwa ukuthi indlela yesihlabathi se-zirconia esisha izoba banzi nakakhulu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo ezimbonini ezifana ne-photovoltaics, ama-semiconductor chips, kanye ne-aerospace, izidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zokwakha zizoqhubeka ziba nzima kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yesihlabathi se-zirconia enezakhiwo ezihlanzekile, ezicolekile, ezifanayo, kanye nokusebenza okulawulwayo ngokungangabazeki izothuthukiswa. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku, izokhanya ezindaweni esingenakuzicabanga njengamanje.
Ngakho-ke, ungazibukeli phansi lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zesihlabathi. Zinokuhlakanipha okukhulu futhi zinganika amandla izimboni ezinkulu. Inani lokusungula izinto ezintsha lisekukhipheni amandla aphelele ezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezidingayo zesikhathi sethu.