Uke waqaphela ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuya ngokuya kuthandwa kanjani? Kusukela ekwenzeni amathoyizi amancane epulasitiki kanye namamodeli omqondo eminyakeni embalwa edlule, manje iyakwazi ukuphrinta izindlu, amazinyo, ngisho nezitho zabantu! Intuthuko yayo ifana nerokhethi.
Kodwa naphezu kokuthandwa kwayo, uma ukuphrinta kwe-3D ngempela kufuna ukuhola ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni, akukwazi ukuthembela kuphela “kuma-persimmon athambile” njengepulasitiki nama-resin. Kulungile ekwenzeni izingcezu zokubonisa, kodwa uma kukhulunywa ngokwenza izingxenye ezishisa kakhulu ezingamelana nezimo ezibucayi, noma amadivayisi aqinile, angagugi, izinto eziningi azifaneleki ngokushesha.
Yilapho umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko wesihloko sanamuhla engena khona—impuphu ye-alumina, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “i-corundum.” Le nto ayidingi ukushintshwa, inezimfanelo eziqinile ngokwemvelo: ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokuvikela okuhle kakhulu. Ezimbonini zendabuko, isivele ingumpetha ezintweni ezimelana nokugqwala, izinto zokubhula, izinto zobumba, neminye imikhakha.
Ngakho-ke umbuzo uwukuthi, hlobo luni lwezinhlansi ezizovela lapho into yendabuko, “eqinile” ihlangabezana nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu “bokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile kwedijithali”? Impendulo ithi: inguquko yezinto ezithule iyaqhubeka.
Ⅰ. Kungani i-alumina? Kungani iphula isikhunta?
Ake siqale sixoxe ngokuthi kungani ukuphrinta kwe-3D bekungakaze kuthande izinto zobumba ngaphambili. Cabanga ngakho: izimpushana zepulasitiki noma zensimbi kulula ukuzilawula uma zishiswa noma zikhishwa kusetshenziswa ama-laser. Kodwa izimpushana ze-ceramic ziyaphuka futhi kunzima ukuzincibilikisa. Izimpushana ze-laser ezishiswa bese zikhiwa zinefasitela elincane kakhulu lenqubo, okwenza zithambekele ekuqhekekeni nasekuguquguqukeni, okuholela ekuvuneni okuphansi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke i-alumina iyixazulula kanjani le nkinga? Ayincikile emandleni aluhlaza, kodwa kunalokho incike “ebucikweni.”
Intuthuko eyinhloko ilele ekuguqukeni okuhlelekile kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D kanye nokwakheka kwezinto. Ubuchwepheshe bamanje obujwayelekile, njenge-binder jetting kanye ne-sterolithography, busebenzisa "indlela yokujika."
Ukuxhumanisa i-binder: Lokhu kuyisinyathelo esihlakaniphile impela. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko zokuncibilikisa i-aluminium oxide powder ngqo nge-laser, le ndlela iqala ngokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwe-aluminium oxide powder. Bese, njengephrinta ye-inkjet enembile, ikhanda lokuphrinta lifafaza "iglue" ekhethekile endaweni oyifunayo, libopha i-powder ndawonye. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwe-powder neglue ungqimba ngalunye ekugcineni kuveza "umzimba oluhlaza" wokuqala, omile. Lo mzimba oluhlaza awukaqini, ngakho-ke, njenge-ceramics, udlula "ebhapathizweni lomlilo" lokugcina esithandweni sokushisa okuphezulu - ukushiswa. Kungemva kokushiswa kuphela lapho izinhlayiya zihlanganiswa khona ngokuqinile, zifinyelela izakhiwo zemishini ezisondela kulezo ze-ceramics zendabuko.
Lokhu kugwema ngobuhlakani izinselele zokuncibilikisa izinto zobumba ngokuqondile. Kufana nokuqale ulolonge ingxenye ngokunyathelisa kwe-3D, bese uyigcwalisa ngomphefumulo namandla usebenzisa amasu endabuko.
II. Lokhu “kuthuthuka” kubonakala kuphi ngempela? Inkulumo engenasenzo iyinkulumo nje engenalutho.
Uma ukubiza ngokuthi impumelelo, kumele kube nekhono langempela, akunjalo? Ngempela, ukuthuthuka kwe-aluminium oxide powder ekuphrinteni kwe-3D akukhona nje "kusukela ekuqaleni," kodwa "kusukela kokuhle kuya kokuhle kakhulu," ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezazingaxazululeki ngaphambili.
Okokuqala, kususa umqondo wokuthi “ubunzima” ufana nokuthi “kubiza kakhulu.” Ngokwesiko, ukucubungula izinto zobumba ze-alumina, njengemibhobho noma izinto zokushintshanisa ukushisa ezineziteshi zokugeleza zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuncike ekwakheni noma ekubumbeni isikhunta, okubiza kakhulu, okuthatha isikhathi, futhi kwenza ezinye izakhiwo zingenzeki. Kodwa manje, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvumela ukudalwa okuqondile, “okungenasikhunta” kwanoma yisiphi isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ongasiklama. Cabanga ngengxenye yobumba ye-alumina enesakhiwo sangaphakathi se-biomimetic honeycomb, esilula kakhulu kodwa esiqinile kakhulu. Embonini yezindiza, lesi “yisikhali somlingo” sangempela sokunciphisa isisindo nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Okwesibili, kufeza “ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele komsebenzi kanye nesimo.” Ezinye izingxenye zidinga kokubili amajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nemisebenzi ekhethekile njengokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokushisa. Isibonelo, izingalo ze-ceramic bond ezisetshenziswa embonini ye-semiconductor kumele zibe lula, zikwazi ukunyakaza ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi zimelane ngokuphelele nokungagugi futhi zingagugi. Lokho okwakudinga izingxenye eziningi ukuthi zihlanganiswe ngaphambilini manje kunganyatheliswa ngokuqondile nge-3D kusuka ku-alumina njengengxenye eyodwa, ehlanganisiwe, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka nokusebenza.
Okwesithathu, kungenisa inkathi yegolide yokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokwezifiso. Lokhu kuyamangalisa kakhulu emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Amathambo abantu ahluka kakhulu, futhi ukufakelwa kwamathambo okwenziwe ngaphambilini kwakunosayizi ohleliwe, okuphoqa odokotela ukuba bakwenze ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Manje, kusetshenziswa idatha ye-CT scan evela esigulini, kungenzeka ukuphrinta ngqo i-3D alumina ceramic implant enezimbobo ehambisana kahle nesimo sesiguli. Lesi sakhiwo esinezimbobo asilula nje kuphela kodwa futhi sivumela amangqamuzana amathambo ukuba akhulele kuso, afinyelele "i-osseointegration" yangempela futhi enze i-implant ibe yingxenye yomzimba. Lolu hlobo lwesisombululo sezokwelapha esenziwe ngokwezifiso lwalungacatshangwa ngaphambili.
Ⅲ. Ikusasa selifikile, kodwa izinselele ziningi.
Vele, asikwazi ukukhuluma nje kuphela. Ukusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-alumina ekunyatheliseni kwe-3D kusafana "nento engavamile" ekhulayo, enekhono elikhulu kodwa futhi nezinselele ezithile zentsha.
Izindleko zisalokhu ziphezulu: Impuphu ye-alumina eyindilinga ehlanzekile kakhulu efanele ukuphrinta kwe-3D ibiza kakhulu. Engeza kulokho imishini yokuphrinta ekhethekile yezigidigidi zamaRandi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenqubo elandelayo yokusila, kanye nezindleko zokuphrinta ingxenye ye-alumina zisalokhu ziphezulu.
Izithiyo zenqubo ephezulu: Kusukela ekulungiseleleni i-slurry kanye nokusetha amapharamitha okuphrinta kuya ekulawuleni i-debinding kanye ne-sintering curve ngemuva kokucubungula, isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ubuchwepheshe obujulile kanye nokuqongelela kobuchwepheshe. Izinkinga ezinjengokuqhekeka, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokuncipha okungalingani zingavela kalula.
Ukungaguquguquki kokusebenza: Ukuqinisekisa izinkomba zokusebenza ezihambisanayo njengamandla kanye nobuningi kuzo zonke izingxenye eziphrintiwe kuyisithiyo esibalulekile sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu.