Umnikelo oyingqayizivele we-alumina powder ezintweni ezisebenza ngogesi
Uma uqaqa imoto ye-servo enesivinini esikhulu noma iyunithi yokushayela enamandla emotweni entsha yamandla, uzothola ukuthi izinto eziqondile zikamazibuthe zihlala zibalulekile. Lapho onjiniyela bexoxa ngamandla acindezelayo kanye namandla asele kazibuthe kamazibuthe, bambalwa abantu abazoqaphela ukuthi i-powder emhlophe ebonakala ijwayelekile,impuphu ye-alumina(Al₂O₃), idlala indima “yeqhawe ngemuva kwezigcawu” buthule. Ayinawo amandla okuzibutha, kodwa ingaguqula ukusebenza kwezinto ezisebenza ngogesi; ayihambisi amandla, kodwa inomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi. Embonini yesimanje ephishekela izakhiwo eziphelele zamandla okuzibutha, umnikelo oyingqayizivele wempuphu ye-alumina ubonakala ngokucacile nangokwengeziwe.
Embusweni wama-ferrite, “kuyi-umthakathi womngcele wokusanhlamvu"
Engena endaweni enkulu yokukhiqiza i-ferrite ethambile, umoya ugcwele iphunga elikhethekile lokushiswa okushisa okuphezulu. U-Old Zhang, ingcweti engumdwebi osebenza emgqeni wokukhiqiza, wayevame ukuthi: “Esikhathini esidlule, ukwenza i-ferrite ye-manganese-zinc kwakufana nama-buns aphekayo. Uma ukushisa bekukubi kancane, bekuyoba nezimbobo 'eziphekiwe' ngaphakathi, futhi ukulahlekelwa bekungeke kwehle.” Namuhla, inani elincane lempuphu ye-alumina lifakwa ngokunembile kule fomula, futhi isimo sihluke kakhulu.
Indima eyinhloko yempuphu ye-alumina lapha ingabizwa ngokuthi “ubunjiniyela bomngcele wokusanhlamvu”: isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emingceleni ephakathi kokusanhlamvu kwe-ferrite. Cabanga ukuthi okusanhlamvu okuncane okungenakubalwa kuhlelwe eduze, futhi ukuhlangana kwazo kuvame ukuba yizixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka ezakhiweni zikagesi kanye “nezindawo ezithinteke kakhulu” zokulahlekelwa amandla kazibuthe. Impuphu ye-alumina emsulwa kakhulu, ecolekile kakhulu (ngokuvamile izinga le-submicron) ifakiwe kulezi zindawo zomngcele wokusanhlamvu. Zifana “namadamu” amancane angenakubalwa, avimbela ngempumelelo ukukhula ngokweqile kokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphezulu, okwenza usayizi wokusanhlamvu ube mncane futhi usatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.
Empini yamandla adonsela phansi aqinile, “kuyi-isiqinisi sesakhiwo"
Bheka umhlaba wamagnethi ahlala njalo e-neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) asebenza kahle kakhulu. Le nto, eyaziwa ngokuthi “inkosi yamagnethi”, inobuningi bamandla obumangalisayo futhi ingumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wokushayela izimoto zikagesi zesimanje, ama-wind turbine, kanye namadivayisi ezokwelapha anembile. Kodwa-ke, inselele enkulu iseza: I-NdFeB ithambekele “ekususweni kwamagnethi” emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi isigaba sayo sangaphakathi esicebile nge-neodymium sithambile futhi asinakho ukuzinza kwesakhiwo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elincane lempuphu ye-alumina liyavela futhi, lidlala indima ebalulekile "yokuthuthukisa isakhiwo". Ngesikhathi senqubo yokusila ye-NdFeB, impuphu ye-alumina e-ultrafine iyethulwa. Ayingeni elathini lesigaba esiyinhloko ngobuningi obukhulu, kodwa isatshalaliswa ngokukhetha emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi lezo zindawo zesigaba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ze-neodymium.
Ehamba phambili kuma-composite magnets, "ingumxhumanisi onezinhlangothi eziningi"
Izwe lezinto ezisebenza ngogesi liyaqhubeka nokuguquka. Isakhiwo sikagesi esihlanganisiwe (njenge-Halbach array) esihlanganisa ukuqina okuphezulu kokufakwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nezici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwezinto ezithambile zikagesi (njengezinhlayiya ze-iron powder) kanye nezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu okuphoqelela zezinto ezihlala njalo zikagesi ziyakhanga ukunaka. Kulolu hlobo lomklamo omusha, i-alumina powder ithole isigaba esisha.
Uma kudingeka ukuhlanganisa izimpushana zikamazibuthe zezakhiwo ezahlukene (ngisho nezimpushana ezingasebenzi kahle zikamazibuthe) futhi ulawule ngokunembile ukufudumala kanye namandla omshini wengxenye yokugcina, i-alumina powder iba yindawo efanelekile yokufudumala noma indawo yokugcwalisa ngokufudumala kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukungangeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuhambisana kahle nezinto ezahlukahlukene.
Ukukhanya kwekusasa: okucashile futhi okuhlakaniphile
Ukusetshenziswa kweimpuphu ye-aluminaemkhakheni we-izinto ezisebenza ngogesiakukapheli. Ngokujula kocwaningo, ososayensi bazibophezele ekuhloleni imithethonqubo ecashile kakhulu:
Ukwenziwa kwe-doping ngesilinganiso esincane kanye nokunembile: Sebenzisa i-alumina powder ye-alumina ngesilinganiso esincane enobukhulu obufanayo kanye nokuhlakazeka okungcono, futhi uhlole nendlela yayo enembile yokulawula ukubopha udonga lwesizinda samagnetic esikalini se-athomu.
Impuphu ye-alumina, le oxide evamile evela emhlabeni, ngaphansi kokukhanyiselwa kokuhlakanipha komuntu, yenza umlingo obonakalayo ezweni elingabonakali lamagnetic. Ayikhiqizi insimu yamagnetic, kodwa ivula indlela yokudluliselwa okuzinzile nokuphumelelayo kwensimu yamagnetic; ayiqhubeki ngqo nedivayisi, kodwa ifaka amandla anamandla kakhulu ezintweni eziyinhloko zamagnetic zedivayisi yokushayela. Esikhathini esizayo sokuphishekela amandla aluhlaza, ukushayela kukagesi okusebenzayo kanye nokuqonda okuhlakaniphile, umnikelo oyingqayizivele nobalulekile wempuphu ye-alumina ezintweni zamagnetic uzoqhubeka nokunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile nokuthule ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi emculweni omkhulu wokusungula izinto zesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amanothi ayisisekelo avame ukuqukatha amandla ajulile - lapho isayensi nobuciko kuhlangana, izinto ezivamile nazo zizokhanya ngokukhanya okungavamile.