Noma ubani oke wasebenza eshabhu lokuqhuma kwesihlabathi uyazi ukuthi ukukhetha isifutho esifanele kufana nodokotela wezokwelapha waseShayina onikeza amakhambi - kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela nokufanisa isifutho nomsebenzi othize. I-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe, enobulukhuni bayo obukhulu nokuqina kwayo, "ingumdlali ovelele" ezweni lokuqhuma kwesihlabathi. Kodwa-ke, ungase ungazi ukuthi ngisho nangaphakathi kwe-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe, osayizi abahlukene be-grit bakhiqiza imiphumela ehlukene kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi sihloko esibonakala silula kodwa empeleni siyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlukaniswa kosayizi we-grit.
I. “Okumaphakathi, Okuhle”: Uhlelo Oluyisisekelo Lwezitezi Ezintathu
Ochwepheshe abanolwazi ngokuqhumisa isihlabathi bavame ukuhlukanisai-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiweUkubhula ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: okuqinile, okuphakathi nendawo, nokuhle. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuzwakala kulula, kodwa kuhlanganisa amashumi eminyaka olwazi oluqoqiwe. Ukubhula ngentambo okuqinile ngokuvamile kubhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwe-mesh engu-20 kuya ku-60 mesh. Kusho ukuthini lokho? Kusho ukuthi ububanzi bezinhlayiya buphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-0.85 namamilimitha angu-0.25. Uma ubamba isandla, ungakuzwa kahle ukuthungwa kwe-granular. Lolu hlobo lokubhula lunamandla amakhulu okushaya futhi lufanelekela umsebenzi "onzima". Isibonelo, ukuhlanza ukubhula okukhulu: ubuso bokubhula ngemva kokuthulula bumbozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi sokubumba kanye nesilinganiso se-oxide, esinzima kakhulu futhi esidinga umthelela onamandla wokubhula ngentambo okuqinile. U-Old Zhang efektri yethu uvame ukuthi, "Ukuze ubhekane nalezo zindawo 'ezinenkani', kufanele usebenzise ukubhula ngentambo okuqinile, njengokusebenzisa iphedi yoboya bensimbi ukuhlafuna imbiza."
I-grit ephakathi nendawo iphakathi kwe-mesh engu-80 kanye ne-mesh engu-180 (amamilimitha angu-0.18 kuya ku-0.08), futhi yiyona esetshenziswa kakhulu "ephelele." Ukuyibiza ngokuthi "ephakathi nendawo" akubhekiseli nje kuphela ngobukhulu bayo be-grit ephakathi kodwa futhi nasekusebenzisekeni kwayo okuphakathi. Ayiyona "enobudlova" njenge-grit eqinile noma "emnene" njenge-grit encane. Ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo zensimbi ngaphambi kokufakwa, kuhlanzwe nge-weld, futhi kususwe ukugqwala kwezinye izingxenye ezivamile, i-grit ephakathi iyisinqumo esifanele. Inikeza umphumela wokwelashwa kwendawo olinganiselayo, iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukugoba okukhulu kwendawo. I-grit encane iqala kusuka ku-mesh engu-220 futhi iba yinhle nakakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwe-abrasive luhle kakhulu, luzwakala njengofulawa uma uluthinta. Ungaluthathi kancane ngenxa yobuncane balo; umsebenzi obucayi uncike kulo. Ukuze kuhlanzwe ubuso bezinto ezibunjiwe ngokunemba, ukupholisha isikhunta, kanye nokwelashwa kwezinye izindawo zokuhlobisa eziphezulu, isihlabathi esincane sibaluleke kakhulu. UMnu. Li, induna eshabhu lethu elinomthwalo wemfanelo wezingxenye ezinembile, unesisho esithandwayo: “Isihlabathi esiqinile siyayelapha lesifo, isihlabathi esihle siyayihlobisa.” Lokhu kuwufanekisela kahle lo mgomo.
II. Izindinganiso Zokukala: Okungaphezu Kokuthi “Ukuhlunga”
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlela okuthile, abantu abavamile bangase bacabange ukuthi kuyindaba yokusebenzisa izisefo ezinobukhulu obuhlukene be-mesh. Lokho kuyiqiniso, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. Izindinganiso zikazwelonke (GB/T) kanye nezindinganiso zemboni zinemithetho ecacile, njengohlelo lokuhlela kusukela ku-F4 (olukhulu kakhulu) kuya ku-F1200 (oluhle kakhulu). Ibanga ngalinye lihambisana nobubanzi bokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya obuqinile. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, ochwepheshe abanolwazi nabo bagcizelela "ukufana." Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kusho ukuthi izinhlayiya ezisesikhwameni esifanayo sesihlabathi kufanele zibe cishe usayizi ofanayo. Uma kukhona izinhlayiya eziqinile nezincane, umphumela womphezulu ngemva kokuqhuma ngeke ulingane. Isihlabathi esihle kufanele sibe nejika elibanzi lokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiya, hhayi eliyisicaba.
III. Izimo Ezisebenzayo: Osayizi Abahlukene Bezinhlayiya Zemisebenzi Ehlukene
Isihlabathi esiqinile (20-60 mesh) sisetshenziswa kakhulu embonini esindayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlanza ubumba okukhulunywe ngakho ekuqaleni, kubalulekile ekuphatheni ubuso bezakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi ngaphambi kokupenda. Isibonelo, amabhuloho, imikhumbi, namathangi okugcina - lezi zakhiwo ezinkulu zivezwa ezintweni unyaka wonke, futhi izendlalelo zazo ze-oxide engaphezulu ziqinile futhi ziqinile. Isihlabathi esiqinile singasusa ngokushesha ukugqokwa okudala nokugqwala, siveze isisekelo sensimbi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isihlabathi esiqinile sinamandla amakhulu okushaya, ngakho akufanele sisetshenziswe ensimbini encane, ngaphandle kwalokho singawohloka kalula. Safunda lokhu ngendlela enzima: ngesinye isikhathi, sasebenzisa isihlabathi esinama-mesh angu-40 ukwelapha ipuleti lensimbi elinobukhulu obungu-3mm, futhi ipuleti lagcina libukeka njengegagasi, okusiphoqa ukuba silikhuhle bese siqala phansi.
Isihlabathi esimaphakathi (80-180 mesh) sinobubanzi obukhulu bezicelo. Embonini yezimoto, sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaphaneli omzimba wemoto ngaphambi kokupenda; embonini yemikhumbi yokucindezela, ukuhlanza ama-weld ngaphambi kokutholwa kwamaphutha; kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwemishini jikelele, ukugoqa izingxenye ebusweni. Isici saso ukuguquguquka kwaso - sinikeza imiphumela emihle yokuhlanza futhi sakha iphethini elilinganiselwe le-anchor (amaqhubu amancane kanye nokugoba ebusweni), okuzuzisa ekunamatheleni kwe-coating. Umphathi wokukhiqiza efektri yethu usebenzisa isifaniso esicacile: “Isihlabathi esimaphakathi sifana nokupheka kwasekhaya—hhayi okucwengekile kakhulu, kodwa okwanelisa kakhulu futhi okusetshenziswa kakhulu.”
Isihlabathi esinotshani olucwebezelayo (220 mesh nangaphezulu) sigcinelwe ukukhiqizwa okunembile. Izingxenye ezinembile embonini yezindiza, izingxenye zedivayisi yezokwelapha, kanye nokuqhuma kwesihlabathi kwezingxenye zemikhiqizo kagesi ephezulu konke kudinga isihlabathi esinotshani olucwebezelayo. Singalawula ukujiya kobuso (inani likaRa) kuze kube sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ngenkathi sifinyelela ukuqeda okulinganayo oku-matte. Ngonyaka odlule, sabhoboza iqoqo lezinsimbi zokuhlinza zenkampani yemishini yezokwelapha sisebenzisa isihlabathi esingu-320-mesh. Izidingo zaziphezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi imikhiqizo eqediwe kwadingeka ihlolwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhanya, ngaphandle kokuklwebheka okubonakalayo noma ukungalingani okuvunyelwe. ULiu, umuntu ophethe lo msebenzi, wayecindezeleke kakhulu kangangokuthi wayelahlekelwa izinwele zakhe. “Lokhu akukhona ukubhoboza isihlabathi, lokhu kuwukufekethisa,” esho emomotheka ngokumomotheka.
IV. Ubuciko Bokukhetha Isihlabathi: Inhlanganisela Yolwazi Nesayensi
Ukhetha kanjani usayizi ofanele wegrit ekusebenzeni? Lokhu kuhilela kokubili ukubala kwesayensi kanye nokwahlulela okunolwazi. Okokuqala, udinga ukucabangela izinto zomshini wokusebenza. Izinto eziqinile zingasebenzisa isihlabathi esiqinile, kuyilapho izinto ezithambile (njengei-aluminiumkanye nethusi) zidinga isihlabathi esicolekile. Okwesibili, cabanga ngobukhulu besitsha sokusebenza; izingcezu ezincane akufanele zisebenzise isihlabathi esicolekile. Okwesithathu, cabanga ngezidingo zokugcina zobuso. Ngezimbozo, cabanga ngobukhulu bembozo; ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa, cabanga ngobuhle. Umnyango wezobuchwepheshe wefektri yethu ufingqe i-mnemonic elula: “Eqinile futhi iqinile, sebenzisa i-marrow; ethambile futhi incane, sebenzisa i-marrow; yokuhlobisa, yenza i-marrow; yokunamathela, khetha i-marrow-fine.” Kodwa le-mnemonic iyindawo yokuqala nje; amaphrojekthi athile adinga ukuhlaziywa okuthile. Isibonelo, ngensimbi engagqwali, uma kungeyokwelashwa kodonga lwangaphakathi lwemishini yamakhemikhali, isihlabathi esicolekile esiphakathi singasetshenziswa ukuhlanza okusheshayo; kodwa ngemishini yokudla, isihlabathi esicolekile siyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanza okulula nokubulala amagciwane.
Izimboni eziningi manje sezikhuthaza “isihlabathi esisodwa, incazelo eyodwa,” okusho ukusungulaukuqhuma kwesihlabathi okuhle kakhuluiphrofayili yepharamitha yomkhiqizo ngamunye, kanye nokukhethwa kosayizi wegrit kuyisici esibalulekile. Ukusungula le phrofayili kuthatha isikhathi, kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa uma isimisiwe, iba yimpahla ebalulekile. Iphrofayili esiyisungulele ibhulokhi ethile yesilinda yenjini yemoto ikhombisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ama-mesh ayi-100isihlabathi esimhlophe se-corundum, ngengcindezi engu-0.5 MPa kanye nebanga elingu-200 mm, ubulukhuni bomphezulu buhlangabezana kahle nezidingo zokumboza ezifanele. Le datha itholwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa okungaphezu kwamashumi amathathu. V. Imibono Engalungile Evamile kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha
Abaqalayo bavame ukwenza amaphutha amaningana. Okokuqala umbono ongalungile wokuthi “uma uqinile kakhulu kungcono,” bekholelwa ukuthi ucezu oluqinile luhlanza ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, ucezu oluqinile kakhulu lungabangela umonakalo ojulile wobuso, okudinga ukulungiswa okulandelayo futhi ekugcineni kuchithe isikhathi. Okwesibili ukuxuba amaqoqo ahlukene ocezu, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Ngisho noma ucezu lunenombolo efanayo yebanga, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya zangempela kungahluka phakathi kwamaqoqo, okuholela emiphumeleni yokwelashwa kobuso okungalingani. Okwesithathu ukunganaki inani lezikhathi ucezu olusetshenziswe kabusha ngazo. Ucezu olumhlophe lwe-corundum lungabuyekezwa izikhathi eziningi, kodwa ngokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe, izinhlayiya kancane kancane ziba yindilinga futhi zibe zincane, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza. Ochwepheshe abanolwazi bangahlulela ukuthi ucezu ludinga ukushintshwa ngomsindo nombala womfudlana wocezu oluqinile.
Umphathi wethu we-workshop, u-Old Chang, uvame ukuthi, “I-Grit ifana namasosha; udinga ukuqonda izici zesosha ngalinye ukuze unqobe impi.” Lesi sitatimende silula, kodwa sijulile. Ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kungase kubonakale njengepharamitha elula yomzimba, kodwa kuxhuma ulwazi oluvela emikhakheni eminingi, kufaka phakathi isayensi yezinto zokwakha, ubunjiniyela bomphezulu, kanye ne-fluid mechanics. Ububanzi be-white corundum grit, kusukela eqotsheni kuya kokuhle, bufana nethuluzi eliphelele. Ingcweti yangempela ayisebenzisi nje ithuluzi elilodwa noma amabili, kodwa ingakhetha ngokunembile “ithuluzi” elifanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe “ezimweni” ezahlukene. Kulesi sikhathi lapho ikhwalithi yomphezulu ibaluleke kakhulu, ukuqonda okujulile kanye nokusetshenziswa okunekhono kokuhlukaniswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya sekuyinto ebalulekile. Akuyona into ekhazimulayo, kodwa kuthinta ngempela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenye yalezo “zihluthulelo ezingabonakali” ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni.