Isimanga emkhakheni wezinto ezisebenzayo
Njengo-idayimaneUkusetshenziswa kwayo, kuhilela ubuchwepheshe obahlukahlukene futhi kunzima kakhulu. Kudinga ucwaningo lokubambisana emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukuze luqaliswe esikhathini esifushane. Esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhula kwedayimane ye-CVD nokuhlola ukusetshenziswa kwayoIdayimane le-CVDifilimu kuma-acoustic, ama-optics, kanye nogesi. Izoba yinto entsha yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekhulwini lama-21. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-CVD kungasetshenziswa kokubili ezintweni zobunjiniyela kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo. Okulandelayo kumane nje kuyisingeniso sezinhlelo zayo zokusebenza.
Iyini into esebenzayo? Izinto ezisebenzayo zibhekisela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinemisebenzi ebonakalayo neyamakhemikhali njengokukhanya, ugesi, amandla kazibuthe, umsindo, nokushisa okusetshenziswa embonini nasebuchwephesheni, okuhlanganisa izinto zikagesi ezisebenzayo, izinto ezisebenzayo kazibuthe, izinto ezisebenzayo ezibonakalayo, izinto ezisebenzisa i-superconducting, izinto zokwelapha, ulwelwesi olusebenzayo, njll.
Iyini i-membrane esebenzayo? Yiziphi izici zayo? I-membrane esebenzayo ibhekisela ezintweni ezincane zefilimu ezinezakhiwo ezibonakalayo njengokukhanya, amandla kazibuthe, ukuhlunga ngogesi, ukumuncwa, kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali njenge-catalysis kanye nokusabela.
Izici zezinto zefilimu encane: Izinto zefilimu encane ziyizinto ezijwayelekile ezinobukhulu obubili, okungukuthi, zinkulu ezikalini ezimbili kanti zincane esikalini sesithathu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinobukhulu obuthathu, inezici eziningi ekusebenzeni nasekwakhekeni. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi ezinye izici zamafilimu asebenzayo zingatholakala ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokulungiselela ifilimu encane ngesikhathi sokulungiselela. Yingakho izinto zokusebenza zefilimu encane sezibe yisihloko esishisayo sokunakwa nokucwaninga.
Njengo-izinto ezinobukhulu obubili, isici esibaluleke kakhulu sezinto zefilimu encane yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi isici sosayizi, esingasetshenziswa ukwenza kube lula futhi kuhlanganiswe izingxenye ezahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwezinto zefilimu encane kusekelwe kuleli phuzu, elivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe ahlanganisiwe kanye nokwandisa ubuningi besitoreji sezingxenye zesitoreji sekhompyutha.
Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sobuso kanye nesikhombikubona sezinto zefilimu encane sikhulu kakhulu, futhi izakhiwo eziboniswa ubuso zivelele kakhulu. Kukhona uchungechunge lwemiphumela ebonakalayo ehlobene nesikhombikubona sobuso:
(1) Ukudluliselwa okukhethiwe kanye nokukhanya okubangelwa umphumela wokuphazamiseka kokukhanya;
(2) Ukusabalala kwe-inelastic okubangelwa ukushayisana phakathi kwama-electron kanye nobuso kubangela izinguquko ekuqhutshweni kwamandla kagesi, i-Hall coefficient, umphumela wamanje we-magnetic field, njll.;
(3) Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu befilimu buncane kakhulu kunendlela ekhululekile yama-electron futhi buseduze nobude be-Drobyi bama-electron, ama-electron ahamba phambili naphambili phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zefilimu azophazamisa, futhi amandla ahlobene nokunyakaza okuqondile kobuso azothatha amanani ahlukene, okuzothinta ukuthuthwa kwama-electron;
(4) Ebusweni, ama-athomu ayaphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi izinga lamandla obuso kanye nenani lezimo zobuso ezikhiqizwayo zilingana nobukhulu benani lama-athomu obuso, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ezintweni ezinezithwali ezimbalwa njenge-semiconductors;
(5) Inani lama-athomu angomakhelwane ama-athomu kazibuthe angaphezulu liyancipha, okwenza umzuzu kazibuthe wama-athomu angaphezulu wande;
(6) I-Anisotropy yezinto ezincane zefilimu, njll.
Njengoba ukusebenza kwezinto zefilimu encane kuthinteka yinqubo yokulungiselela, iningi lazo lisesimweni sokungalingani ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiselela. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sezinto zefilimu encane kungashintshwa ngobubanzi ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa yisimo sokulingana. Ngakho-ke, abantu bangalungisa izinto eziningi okunzima ukuzifeza ngezinto eziningi futhi bathole izakhiwo ezintsha. Lesi yisici esibalulekile sezinto zefilimu encane kanye nesizathu esibalulekile sokuthi kungani izinto zefilimu encane zidonsela ukunaka kwabantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusetshenziswa izindlela zamakhemikhali noma zomzimba, ifilimu encane eklanywe kahle ingatholakala.