Ukusetshenziswa kwe-α-alumina ku-newizitsha zobumba ze-alumina
Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezintsha zobumba, zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokwemisebenzi yazo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo: izinto zobumba ezisebenzayo (ezaziwa nangokuthi izinto zobumba ze-elekthronikhi), izinto zobumba zesakhiwo (ezaziwa nangokuthi izinto zobumba zobunjiniyela) kanye nezinto zobumba ze-bioceramic. Ngokwezingxenye ezahlukene zezinto zobumba ezisetshenziswayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto zobumba ze-oxide, izinto zobumba ze-nitride, izinto zobumba ze-boride, izinto zobumba ze-carbide kanye nezinto zobumba zensimbi. Phakathi kwazo, izinto zobumba ze-alumina zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi izinto zazo zobumba ziyi-α-alumina powder enezincazelo ezahlukahlukene.
I-α-alumina isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezintsha ze-ceramic ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Akuyona nje into eluhlaza yempuphu ye-alumina ceramics ethuthukisiwe njengezingxenye zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe, amagugu okwenziwa, amathuluzi okusika, amathambo okwenziwa, njll., kodwa futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesithwali se-phosphor, izinto ezithuthukisiwe zokuphikisa, izinto zokugaya ezikhethekile, njll. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, insimu yokusetshenziswa ye-α-alumina iyanda ngokushesha, futhi isidingo semakethe siyanda, futhi amathuba ayo abanzi kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-α-alumina ezintweni zobumba ezisebenzayo
Izinto zobumba ezisebenzayobhekisela ku-ceramics ezithuthukisiwe ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zazo zikagesi, zikagesi, ze-magnetic, ze-acoustic, ze-optical, ze-thermal kanye nezinye noma imiphumela yazo yokuxhumanisa ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi othile. Zinezakhiwo eziningi zikagesi ezifana nokushisa, i-dielectric, i-piezoelectric, i-thermoelectric, i-semiconductor, i-ion conductivity kanye ne-superconductivity, ngakho-ke zinemisebenzi eminingi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibanzi kakhulu. Njengamanje, eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswe ngendlela engokoqobo ngezinga elikhulu yi-ceramics ezivikelayo ze-substrates zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe kanye nokupakisha, i-automotive spark plug insulating ceramics, i-capacitor dielectric ceramics esetshenziswa kabanzi kumathelevishini nakuma-video recorder, i-piezoelectric ceramics enokusetshenziswa okuningi kanye ne-ceramics ebucayi yezinzwa ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisetshenziselwa namashubhu akhipha ukukhanya kwesibani se-sodium esinengcindezi ephezulu.
1. Izitsha zobumba ezivikela amapulagi enhlansi
Ama-ceramics okuvikela ama-spark plug okwamanje ayindlela kuphela yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kakhulu kwama-ceramics ezinjinini. Ngenxa yokuthi i-alumina inokushisa okuhle kakhulu kukagesi, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukumelana nokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa, ama-spark plugs okuvikela ama-alumina asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni. Izidingo ze-α-alumina zama-spark plugs yi-micropowders evamile ye-α-alumina ephansi ye-sodium, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-sodium oxide kungu-≤0.05% kanti usayizi wezinhlayiya ojwayelekile ungama-mesh angu-325.
2. Izisekelo zesekethe ezihlanganisiwe nezinto zokupakisha
Izinto zobumba ezisetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha kanye nezinto zokupakisha zingcono kunepulasitiki kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ukumelana okuphezulu kokushisa, ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ukuvalwa okuphezulu, ukuvimbela ukungena komswakama, akukho ukusabela, kanye nokungcola kwe-silicon ye-semiconductor emsulwa kakhulu. Izakhiwo ze-α-alumina ezidingekayo kuma-substrate ahlanganisiwe wesekethe nezinto zokupakisha yilezi: i-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa 7.0×10-6/℃, i-thermal conductivity 20-30W/K·m (izinga lokushisa legumbi), i-dielectric constant 9-12 (IMHz), ukulahleka kwe-dielectric 3~10-4 (IMHz), i-volume resistivity>1012-1014Ω·cm (izinga lokushisa legumbi).
Ngokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe, izidingo eziqinile kakhulu zibekwa phambili zezingxenye ezingaphansi kanye nezinto zokupakisha:
Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwe-chip kukhuphuka, kudingeka ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphezulu.
Ngejubane eliphezulu le-computing element, kudingeka i-dielectric constant ephansi.
I-coefficient yokwandisa ukushisa iyadingeka ukuze isondele ku-silicon. Lokhu kubeka izidingo eziphakeme ku-α-alumina, okungukuthi, ikhula ngendlela yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokuqina.
3. Isibani esikhipha ukukhanya kwe-sodium esinomfutho ophezulu
Izinto zobumba ezinhleZenziwe nge-alumina emsulwa kakhulu njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zinezici zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukufudumala okuhle, amandla aphezulu, njll., futhi ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu ze-ceramic ezibonakalayo. I-polycrystalline ecacile eyenziwe nge-alumina emsulwa kakhulu enenani elincane le-magnesium oxide, i-iridium oxide noma izithasiselo ze-iridium oxide, futhi zenziwe ngokuthungwa komoya kanye nokuthungwa okucindezelayo okushisa, zingamelana nokugqwala komphunga we-sodium oshisa kakhulu futhi zingasetshenziswa njengezibani ezikhipha ukukhanya kwe-sodium ezicindezela kakhulu ezinokukhanya okuphezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-α-alumina ezintweni zobumba zesakhiwo
Njengezinto ezingaphili ze-biomedical, izinto ze-bioceramic azinazo imiphumela emibi enobuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi nezinto ze-polymer, futhi zinokuhambisana okuhle kwe-bio kanye nokumelana nokugqwala nezicubu zezinto eziphilayo. Ziye zaziswa kakhulu ngabantu. Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwezinto ze-bioceramic kuye kwathuthuka kusukela ekufakweni esikhundleni kwesikhathi esifushane kanye nokugcwaliswa kuya ekufakweni okuhlala njalo nokuqinile, kanye nasezintweni ezingasebenzi kahle kwe-biomedical kuya ezintweni ezisebenzayo kwe-biomedical kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-multiphase.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kunezimboboizitsha zobumba ze-aluminaKusetshenziswe ukwenza amalunga omzimba okwenziwa, amalunga edolo okwenziwa, amakhanda e-femoral okwenziwa, amanye amathambo okwenziwa, izimpande zamazinyo okwenziwa, izikulufo zokuqinisa amathambo, kanye nokulungiswa kwe-cornea ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuqina okuhle kokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo ze-thermoelectric. Indlela yokulawula usayizi wembobo ngesikhathi sokulungiselela i-alumina ceramics enembobo ukuxuba izinhlayiya ze-alumina ezinobukhulu obuhlukene bezinhlayiya, ukufaka i-foam, nokufutha izinhlayiya. Amapuleti e-aluminium angaphinde afakwe i-anodized ukuze akhiqize ama-nano-scale microporous channel-type pores.