Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe Nokukhiqiza Okuncane: Ingxoxo Ngokusetshenziswa Kwezikhunta Ngemuva Komshini Oqondile
Ukukhiqiza kwezimboni zesimanje kubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokunemba, ukusebenza kahle kanye nenkululeko yokuklama. Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza obususayo (njengokugaya, ukugaya, njll.),ukukhiqizwa kwezengezo (ukuphrinta kwe-3D)Ubuchwepheshe buvela ngokushesha futhi buyindlela ebalulekile yokukhiqiza izinto ezintsha. Zombili zinezinzuzo zazo futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yezimoto, izindiza, amadivayisi ezokwelapha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini. Kulezi zindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza, indima yesikhunta ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ihlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yokucubungula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungeziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta
Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D, inqubo yokwakha izingxenye ngokubeka izinto ungqimba ngengqimba. Ubuchwepheshe obuvamile bokukhiqiza okungeziwe buhlanganisa i-selective laser sintering (SLS), i-selective laser melting (SLM), i-fused deposition modeling (FDM) kanye ne-sterolithography (SLA). Lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe lwaziwa ngenkululeko yalo yokuklama ephezulu kakhulu. Lungakhiqiza izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi noma izakhiwo zegridi, ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokunciphisa kakhulu imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kufaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okusheshayo, ukukhiqizwa kweqembu elincane kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso komuntu siqu, futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezindizayo, ezimotweni, emishinini yezokwelapha kanye nasekukhiqizeni isikhunta. Izinzuzo zalo zifaka phakathi ukufinyeza umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa, ukukhuthaza umklamo omusha kanye nokufezwa kwezixazululo ezahlukahlukene.
Nakuba ukukhiqizwa kwezithasiselo kungakha ngqo izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ubuso bezingxenye eziphrintiwe buvame ukuba buqinile, bunemigqa yesendlalelo kanye namaphutha amancane, futhi imishini elandelayo iyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zosayizi kanye nekhwalithi yobuso. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithasiselo ezisebenzayo ziba amathuluzi abalulekile. Izithasiselo ezifanaamasondo okugaya, amabhande okusantisa, amasondo okugoqa kanye namasondo okupholisha asetshenziswa kabanzi ekususeni amabhomu, ukuthambekisa ubuso kanye nokuqedela izingxenye zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ifinyelela ukunemba kanye nobuhle bezinga lezimboni. Ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezindiza kanye nezokwelapha, izidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwendawo ziye zashukumisela ama-abrasives ukuthi athuthukise njalo izinto zokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokuguguleka okuphezulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhethekile zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe ngemuva kokucutshungulwa.
Isingeniso kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obususayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okubuhlungu
Ukukhiqiza okususa izintoukususa izinto ezisele ngokusika, ukugaya, ukugaya nezinye izindlela zokucubungula umsebenzi ube yisimo esinqunyiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe buvuthiwe futhi bufanele ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ikakhulukazi obuhle ekuqinisekiseni ubukhulu obunembile kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yobuso. Izinqubo ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi ukugaya nge-CNC, ukujika, ukugaya, ukusika ucingo, umshini wokukhipha ugesi (EDM), ukusika nge-laser kanye nokusika ngejethi yamanzi. Ukukhiqiza okususa izinto kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimoto, izindiza, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Ingacubungula kahle insimbi, insimbi ephonswe, ama-aluminium alloys kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zemboni ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside futhi kusebenze kahle.
Ama-abrasives adlala indima eyisisekelo nebalulekile ekukhiqizeni okususelwe kokunye, ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokugaya. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasondo okugaya (njengamasondo okugaya e-ceramic, amasondo okugaya aboshwe nge-resin) kanye namathuluzi okupholisha asetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakeni imishini elukhuni, ekuqedeni nasekupholiseni ubuso ngokwezidingo zenqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zithola ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi yobuso obusezingeni lesibuko. Ukusebenza okupholisha kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, okubangela ukusungulwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezipholishayo kanye nezakhiwo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokucubungula zezinto eziqinile kakhulu kanye namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.
Njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili, ama-abrasives asekela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kusukela ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe kuya ekukhiqizeni okuncishisiwe. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe nezinto zokuqina okuphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuncishisiwe kube yisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza. Ekuphenduleni izinkinga zobulukhuni bomphezulu eziyingqayizivele ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu zokukhiqiza okuncishisiwe, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka kube ubulukhuni obuphezulu, isakhiwo esingcono kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, okukhuthaza ubuhlakani kanye nokusebenza kahle kweketanga lonke lokukhiqiza.