Abakhiqizi be-White Fused Alumina Kufanele Babhekane Kanjani Nezindleko Zamandla Ezikhuphukayo?
Muva nje, ngixoxe nabangani abaningana e-i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe ibhizinisi, futhi bonke babekhononda: “Amanani kagesi kanye negesi yemvelo akhuphuka kakhulu, futhi izindleko cishe azibekezeleleki!” Lokhu kuyiqiniso impela. I-alumina emhlophe exutshwe ngogesi, uma sikhuluma iqiniso, “iyi-power hog” kanye “ne-gas hog”—izinga lokushisa lokuncibilikisa livame ukwedlula ama-degree Celsius angu-2000, futhi njengoba amanani kagesi ekhuphuka, izinzuzo ziyawohloka kakhulu. Lokhu akuyona nje inkinga kubakhiqizi basekhaya; ozakwabo bomhlaba wonke nabo bakhala ngalesi simo. Kodwa impilo iyaqhubeka, futhi ibhizinisi kumele liqhubeke. Njengoba bebhekene naleli gagasi lezindleko zamandla ezikhuphukayo, abakhiqizi be-alumina emhlophe exutshwe ngogesi kufanele baphendule kanjani? Namuhla, sizokuchaza lokhu ngokuningiliziwe.
I. Kungani Ukwenyuka Kwamanani Amandla Kunomthelela Obalulekile Embonini Ye-White Fused Alumina?
Okokuqala, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukukhiqizwa kwe-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe kudinga amandla amaningi kangaka. Ngokuyinhloko isebenzisa isithando sikagesi se-arc ukuncibilikisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-bauxite ne-coke, iwacwengisise ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okushisa okuphezulu. Kule nqubo, ugesi uyisici esiyinhloko—ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwethani elilodwa lomkhiqizo kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-2000 kWh, kanti izindleko zikagesi zingabalelwa ku-30% kuya ku-40% wezindleko zokukhiqiza. Kwezinye izindawo, igesi yemvelo nayo isetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla owengeziwe; ukuguquguquka kwamanani kaphethiloli kubangela ukuthi izindleko zishintshe kakhulu.
Ukukubeka ngokusobala, ukuthembela kwale mboni emandleni kufana nokuthembela kwenhlanzi emanzini. Kusukela ngonyaka odlule kuze kube yilo nyaka, amanani kagesi ezimboni zasekhaya ngokuvamile akhuphuke ngamasenti ambalwa, kanti amanani kagesi wemvelo nawo abe nokuguquguquka, ephoqa izimboni eziningi ezincane ngqo onqenqemeni lwenzuzo. Omunye umphathi wahleka wathi, “Ukuqala ukukhiqiza manje kufana nokugembula ngempilo yami; ukwenyuka kwesenti elilodwa emananini kagesi kusho ukuthi kufanele ngibheme ingxenye yephakethe likagwayi ebusuku.”
II. Izindlela Ezihlakaniphile Kunobunzima: Amasu Amathathu Ayisihluthulelo Abakhiqizi Be-White Corundum
Isu Lokuqala: Ukugxila Ekusebenziseni Kahle Amandla Emishinini Nasebuchwephesheni
Cishe uke wezwa isisho esithi, “Lokho okulondolozayo yilokho okutholayo.” Abaningii-corundum emhlophe abakhiqizi manje sebegxile kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini. Isibonelo, ukushintsha izitofu zikagesi zesitayela esidala ngezisetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa amanzi ezivaliwe, kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kuka-10%. Ifektri esifundazweni saseShandong itshale imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu zama-yuan ngonyaka odlule ukuze ithuthukise izitofu zayo. Nakuba kwakubuhlungu, ukonga ezindleleni zikagesi kwakucishe kube yizigidi eziyi-1 zama-yuan ngonyaka, futhi umnikazi manje uqhosha kuwo wonke umuntu ngokuthi “imali isetshenziswe kahle.”
Amanye amafektri asebenzisa ukubuyisa ukushisa okungcolile—igesi yokukhipha umoya eshisa kakhulu evela ezithandweni, eyayisetshenziswa kade ichitheka, manje isisetshenziselwa ukushisa izinto zokusetshenziswa noma ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa, empeleni iguqula “ukushisa okungcolile kube yingcebo.” Inkampani esifundazweni saseHenan isindise u-20% ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwegesi yemvelo minyaka yonke isebenzisa lolu hlelo. Nakuba utshalomali lokuqala lukhulu, lungabuyiswa eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu, okwenza kube yinto ewusizo kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isu lesibili eliyisihluthulelo: “Ukukhipha okungaphezulu” enqubweni yokukhiqiza
Ukuthuthukisa izinqubo kungase kuzwakale kungaqondakali, kodwa kunenzuzo ngempela. Isibonelo, ukulawula ngokunembile isilinganiso sokudla kanye nesikhathi sokuncibilikisa kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungasebenzi kahle; noma ukuhlela izinqubo ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi ngesikhathi samahora kagesi angekho ngesikhathi esiphezulu ebusuku. Ifektri esifundazweni saseZhejiang ibale ukuthi ukulungisa izikhathi zokusebenza nje kubasindise u-15% ezikweletini zikagesi minyaka yonke.
Abaphathi nabo kudingeka baqaphele. Kwezinye izindawo zokusebenzela, izibani zazishiywa zinganakiwe futhi imishini yayisebenza ngaphandle kokusebenza. Manje, amamitha ahlakaniphile afakiwe, axhumanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza kweqembu, futhi abasebenzi manje baqapha ukufundwa kwamamitha abo. Umphathi wokukhiqiza ungitshele ukuthi, “Esikhathini esidlule, ukumemeza sikhuluma ngokonga ugesi akusebenzi kahle njengephuzu elilodwa ledatha.”
Isu lesithathu: Hlola izindlela ezintsha, ungagcini nje ngokunamathela “ebhizinisini elidala.”
Uma izindleko zamandla zingenakuncishiswa, cabanga ngezindlela ezihlukile. Isibonelo, lungisa isakhiwo somkhiqizo, ukhiqize imikhiqizo enenani eliphezulu kakhulu—izimpushana ze-micron, izinto ezikhethekile zokungaguquguquki, njll. Nakuba lezi zinezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zinikeza izinzuzo eziphezulu futhi azinandaba nezindleko zamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungagxili nje ekukhiqizeni. Abanye abakhiqizi bandisa emikhakheni ephezulu nengezansi yochungechunge lwezimboni. Isibonelo, batshala imali ezitshalweni zamandla ze-photovoltaic ukuze banciphise ukuguquguquka kwentengo kagesi ngokusebenzisa ugesi oluhlaza; noma bathola izinkontileka zamandla zesikhathi eside nabaphakeli ukuze bagweme ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo yemakethe. Amanye amafektri aze aphinde asebenzise izinsalela zemfucuza nezinto zokwakha, aziguqule zibe imikhiqizo esuselwe kwezinye izinto ukuze bathole imali eyengeziwe.
III. Ingabe kwanele ukuthi izinkampani zithembele kuzo zodwa? Inqubomgomo kanye nokubambisana nakho kubalulekile.
Empeleni, ukuzikhandla akwanele ukubhekana nenkinga yamandla. Njengamanje, uhulumeni unikeza uxhaso lokuguqulwa okuluhlaza kumabhizinisi asebenzisa amandla amaningi. Isibonelo, amaphrojekthi okuvuselela okonga amandla angafaka izicelo zemali mboleko enenzalo ephansi, kanti amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic ajabulela amanani kagesi akhethekile. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abacabanga kusengaphambili sebeqalile kakade ukunxenxa izinqubomgomo; "ukuqonda imithetho nakho kuyinzuzo yokuncintisana."
Ukubambisana kwemboni nakho kubalulekile. Isibonelo, amafektri amaningana athenga igesi yemvelo ngokubambisana andisa amandla awo okuxoxisana; noma ukwabelana ngezimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe kugwema i-R&D engafuneki kanye nezinsiza ezichithwayo. Ukuncintisana kukhulu embonini yethu, kodwa uma sibhekene "nenkinga evamile" njengamandla, ukubambisana kusebenza kangcono kunokulwa ngaphakathi.
IV. Indlela Eya Esikhathini Esizayo: I-White Corundum Kumelwe Iguquke Ibe “I-Green Corundum”
Izindleko zamandla ezikhuphukayo ziyingcindezi yesikhashana, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziphoqa imboni ukuthi ishintshe.i-corundum emhlophe Izinkampani ezizosinda esikhathini esizayo kuzoba yilezo “ezonga amandla” ezigxile ku-DNA yazo. Ukuhlakanipha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-carbonization ephansi akuzona nje iziqubulo, kodwa nemingcele yokusinda. Mhlawumbe eminyakeni embalwa, “i-corundum emhlophe engenakhabhoni” izoba yimali enzima yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Ekugcineni, lokhu kuhlolwa kwamandla okukhulu kuhlola amandla angaphakathi enkampani kanye nombono wayo. Labo abakhononda kuphela futhi benqaba ukushintsha cishe bazosuswa; kuyilapho labo abathuthukisa futhi baphendule ngendlela eguquguqukayo bazokwakha indlela entsha.
Ngemva kwale ngxoxo yonke, umyalezo oyinhloko yilo: izindleko zamandla ezikhuphukayo ziletha inselele kubakhiqizi be-alumina abamhlophe abahlanganisiwe, kodwa futhi nethuba lokuguqulwa. Kusukela emishinini kuya ekuphathweni, kusukela kubuchwepheshe kuya emasu, isinyathelo ngasinye singalungiselelwa ukusebenza kahle. Khumbula, ngisho ne-sparrow eyimpumputhe ngeke ilambe; uma nje uzimisele ukusebenzisa ubuchopho bakho futhi uzinikele, ungathola njalo indlela yokuphuma. Phela, besikule mboni iminyaka eminingi kangaka, yiziphi iziphepho esingazange sizinqobe? Lesi sikhathi asihlukile; uma sidlula kuzo, umhlaba omusha ulindele!