Indima ye-White Fused Alumina ekupholisheni izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi
Kule nkathi yama-smartphones atholakala yonke indawo, amakhompyutha, namadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlakaniphile, izidingo zokusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziyanda njalo. Kudingeka zisheshe, zibe zincane, futhi zibe namandla amakhulu. Ungase ungazi ukuthi ukufeza lokhu kudinga isinyathelo esibonakala singabalulekile kodwa esibalulekile—ukupholisha. Futhi kulo mkhakha, kukhona “ingcweti eqinile” enekhono elithule—i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe.
Namuhla, ake sembule imfihlakalo yalo “mdwebi” futhi sixoxe ngokuthi udlala indima ebalulekile kanjani ezweni lokunemba kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
I. Ukwazi Umlingiswa Oyinhloko: Iyini ngempela i-White Fused Alumina?
Kalula nje, i-alumina emhlophe exutshwe kahle iyi-corundum yokwenziwa emsulwa kakhulu. Isakhi sayo esiyinhloko yi-α-alumina (Al₂O₃). Ungayiqhathanisa nezihlobo zayo: isibonelo, i-alumina ensundu exutshwe kahle iqukethe ukungcola okwengeziwe, yingakho inombala onsundu; kuyilapho i-alumina emhlophe exutshwe kahle, ngenxa yezinto zayo zokusetshenziswa ezihlanzekile, ikhiqiza amakristalu amhlophe ngemva kokushisa, ngokuthungwa "okuhlanzekile".
Kwenziwa kanjani? Kalula nje, kuyinqubo "yokuzalwa kabusha ngomlilo." Ikhwalithi ephezuluimpuphu ye-aluminaiyancibilikiswa, ipholiswe, futhi iphindwe isetshenziswe esithandweni sikagesi se-arc esishisa kakhulu esingaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-2000. Ekugcineni, iyachotshozwa futhi ihlungwe ukuze kutholakale ama-abrasives amhlophe ahlanganisiwe e-alumina anobukhulu obuhlukene bezinhlayiya.
Ungayithathi kalula le nqubo; inikeza i-alumina emhlophe exutshwe ngezakhiwo eziningana ezibalulekile, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kokupholisha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi:
Ubulukhuni obuphezulu, "buqinile" ngempela: Ubulukhuni bayo be-Mohs bufinyelela ku-9.0, bulandela idayimane ne-silicon carbide kuphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusika nokugaya ezinye izinto kuyinto elula, futhi ayigugi kalula.
Ukuqina okulingene, ibhalansi yokuqina nokuguquguquka: Ukuba lukhuni akwanele; luqhekeka kakhulu, njengezingcezu zengilazi, luyaphuka lapho luthintwa kancane futhi alusebenziseki. I-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe inobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ingaphuka ngezinga elilingene, iveze imiphetho emisha ebukhali, kunokuba iphenduke i-powder—lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuzilola.” Lokhu kufana nommese omncane wokuzisika oziphilisayo, ohlala ugcina ubukhali bawo.
Ukuqina kwayo okuhle kwamakhemikhali kwenza kube "nokuthula" kakhulu: Izixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokupholisha ezine-acidic ne-alkaline zivame ukusetshenziswa enkambisweni yokupholisha. I-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe izinzile kakhulu ngamakhemikhali futhi ayisabela kalula ngalezi zindlela zamakhemikhali, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokupholisha ayilethi ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali ngengozi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu embonini ye-elekthronikhi, lapho ubumsulwa bubaluleke kakhulu.
II. I-alumina emhlophe exutshwe “ibonakala kanjani” ekupholisheni izingxenye zikagesi?
Ukupholisha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi akulula njengokusula into ecwebezelayo. "Ubuciko bokuqopha" obenziwa ezweni elincane kakhulu, elihlose ukufeza indawo eyisicaba ngokuphelele, ebushelelezi ngokuphelele, futhi engenamonakalo ezingeni le-nanometer noma ngisho nele-athomu.I-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiweiyona nto eyinhloko ekufezeni lobu buciko.
1. Umsebenzi "wokulinganisa isisekelo" wama-wafer e-silicon
Ama-chips akhiqizwa kuma-wafer e-silicon. Ungacabanga ukuthi uma isisekelo sesakhiwo singalingani, isakhiwo asinakwakhiwa, futhi izintambo zikagesi zizoxhunywa ngokungahleliwe. Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza ekukhiqizweni kwama-chip. Izingqimba zifakwa phezu kwesinye. Uma noma yisiphi isendlalelo singalingani, i-photolithography elandelayo izolahlekelwa ukugxila, okuholela kuma-circuit amafushane noma ama-circuit avulekile.
Yilapho ubuchwepheshe be-CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) bungena khona, futhi ama-microparticles e-alumina amhlophe ahlanganisiwe avame ukudlala indima ebalulekile "emsebenzini womshini." Ekupholiseni, izinhlayiya ze-alumina ezimhlophe ezingenakubalwa, njengezigidi zezingcweti ezincane, zenza ukusika okuncane kakhulu nokufanayo ebusweni be-silicon wafer ngaphansi kwengcindezi nokujikeleza. Zigaya kancane kancane "iziqongo" zobuso, ngenkathi zigcina izigodi, ekugcineni zifinyelela ukuthamba okukhulu kakhulu. Ubulukhuni kanye nezakhiwo zokuzilola ze-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi le nqubo iyasebenza futhi iyahambisana.
2. Ukuqedwa Komphezulu Wamadivayisi E-Semiconductor
Ngaphakathi kwe-chip, ngaphezu kwe-silicon, kunezinsimbi (ezifana nethusi ne-tungsten) ezisetshenziselwa imigqa yokuqhuba kanye nezendlalelo zokuvikela (njenge-silicon dioxide) zokuhlukanisa. Lezi zinto ezahlukene zinezinga lokuqina elihlukile kanye namazinga okususa. Ngesikhathi sokupholisha, insimbi eningi idinga ukususwa ngaphandle kokulimaza ungqimba lokuvikela olungaphansi; lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi “ukukhetha okuphezulu.”
I-white fused alumina micropowder idlala indima enembile kakhulu lapha. Ngokulungisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-polishing slurry (ingxenye "yamakhemikhali") kanye nokusebenza ngokubambisana ne-white fused alumina (ingxenye "yomshini"), kungenzeka ukufeza ukususwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kwezinto ezithile (njengethusi) ngenkathi uthinta kancane ezinye izinto (njenge-silicon dioxide). Lokhu kunemba kwe-pinpoint kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-chip.
3. “Inkanyezi Yobuhle” Yezinye Izingxenye Ze-elekthroniki
Ngaphandle kwama-chip anembile kakhulu, izingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi esizithola nsuku zonke nazo zithembele ekupholisheni kwe-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe.
Izingxenyana Ze-LED Sapphire: Ama-LED amaningi akhanya kakhulu asebenzisa i-sapphire njenge-substrate yawo. I-Sapphire ngokwayo inobulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu, idinga i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe—into “eqinile”—ukupholisha ukuze kufezwe ubuso obubushelelezi obufana nesibuko, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha ukukhanya nokwenza i-LED ikhanye.
Ama-Quartz Crystal Resonators: Lezi yizingxenye "zokushaya kwenhliziyo" ezihlinzeka ngezibonakaliso zewashi kumasekethe. Izidingo zazo zokuzinza kwemvamisa ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi ikhwalithi yobuso bazo kanye nobukhulu kumele kulawulwe ngokunembile; ukupholisha kwe-alumina okumhlophe okuhlanganisiwe kufaneleka kahle kulo msebenzi. Izinto ezisebenzisa ugesi, izingqimba zengilazi, nezinye izinto nazo zidingai-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwengesikhathi sokucubungula ukuze kufezwe ukuqeda kokugcina okubushelelezi nokucwebezelayo.
III. Kungani Kufakwe I-Alumina Emhlophe? – Isifinyezo Sezinzuzo Zayo Eziyingqayizivele
Uma sibheka emuva, phakathi kwezinto eziningi zokubhula, kungani imboni ye-elekthronikhi ithanda i-alumina emhlophe ehlanganisiwe?
Ukunemba Okulawulekayo: Izinhlayiya zayo zingenziwa zibe zincane kakhulu futhi zifane (kuze kufike ezingeni le-micrometer) ngezimo ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa imiphumela yokupholisha ebikezelwayo nefanayo, kuvinjelwe ukuklwebheka kobuso okubangelwa ubukhulu bezinhlayiya obungaguquki.
Ukungcola Okuphansi Kakhulu: Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kusho ukuthi kukhiqiza ukungcola okuncane kakhulu kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokupholisha, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka eziqinile zemboni ye-semiconductor.
Ibhalansi Yokusebenza Kahle Nekhwalithi: Ayinzima futhi ayibizi njengedayimane, futhi ayisebenzi kahle njengezinto ezithambile zokukhuhla. Ifinyelela ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kobulukhuni, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko, okwenza kube ukukhetha okungabizi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uthatha ifoni yakho futhi uzwa ukusebenza kwayo okubushelelezi kanye nemisebenzi enamandla, cabanga ngalokhu: ngaphakathi kwalezo zingcezu ezincane nezingxenye ezibucayi, kwenzeke "ukuguquka kobuso" okuthule nokunembile okubandakanya izinhlayiya ezincane ze-alumina ezimhlophe ezihlanganisiwe. Yilo "mdwebi oqinile" ongazikhukhumezi, ngobulukhuni nobumsulwa bawo, osuse isithiyo sokugcina sezinga le-nanometer sokugeleza okungenakuvinjelwa komhlaba we-elekthronikhi. Kungase kungalokothi kume endaweni evelele, kodwa kuyiqhawe elibalulekile ngemuva kwezigcawu. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ivame ukufihlwa kule mininingwane emincane, ikhanya ngokukhanya okulula kodwa okuhehayo kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo.