Ungakhetha kanjani ubuhlalu bokugaya okulungile ekugayeni okumanzi?
Enqubweni yokugaya emanzi, ukukhetha kweukugaya ubuhlaluihlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kokugcina kokugaya, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nempilo yemishini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezimbonini zokunamathisela, uyinki, i-electronic paste noma i-biomedicine, ukukhetha ubuhlalu obufanele kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ukhethe ngokwesayensi kuma-engeli amaningi ukuze uzuze imiphumela yokugaya esebenza kahle futhi ezinzile.
1. Cacisa umgomo wokugaya
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ukugaya ubuhlalu, kufanele uqale ucacise umgomo oyinhloko wenqubo yokugaya. Izidingo zosayizi wezinhlayiyana zingenye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo eziyisisekelo: uma umkhiqizo udinga i-submicron noma usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-nanometer, ubuhlalu bokugaya usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane buyadingeka ukuze kunikeze amandla okwanele okugunda kanye nokuminyana kwamandla ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kokugaya okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo buzophinde buthinte ukukhethwa kwezinto zobuhlalu. Isibonelo, izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu zizokwandisa ukugqokwa kobuhlalu ngesikhathi sokugaya, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukukhetha ubuhlalu obunamandla amakhulu nokumelana nokugqoka okufanai-zirconium oxide; ngezinto ezithambile uma kuqhathaniswa, kungakhethwa ubuhlalu bengilazi obungabizi kakhulu noma ubuhlalu be-alumina. Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuzwela komkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu njengemithi, imikhiqizo yebhayoloji, kanye nama-electronic slurries. Ukuhamba kwe-metal ion noma ukulandelela ukungcola phakathi nenqubo yokugaya kungase kuthinte ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Kulesi simo, ubuhlalu obungeyona insimbi enokungcola okuphansi nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuqinile kufanele kukhethwe, njenge-high-purity zirconium oxide noma ubuhlalu be-aluminium oxide, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo nokuvumelana.
2. Khetha impahla yobuhlalu esekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kwamakhemikhali nokungagugi
Impahla yobuhlalu yokugaya kufanele ibe nokusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Okulandelayo izici nezimo zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa:
Ubuhlalu bezinto ezihlukene bunobuhle babo, okudingeka bucatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe kuhlanganiswe nezinto zakho ezibonakalayo kanye nokuma komkhiqizo.
3. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kosayizi wobuhlalu nokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana
Usayizi nokusatshalaliswa kweukugaya ubuhlaluabe nomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokugaya:
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane (<0.3mm) unendawo enkulu kanye nemvamisa ephezulu yokushayisana, elungele izigcawu ezilandela usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinhle kakhulu;
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinkulu (>0.6mm) unamandla omthelela anamandla futhi ulungele ukugaya okumahhadla noma ukugaywa kusengaphambili kwezinto ezinkulu zosayizi wezinhlayiyana;
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, ukusetshenziswa okuxubile kobuhlalu obukhulu nobuncane kungakha indawo yokugaya ehlangene, esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokufana kokusabalalisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zomkhiqizo.
Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ukulawula kwesayensi kokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wobuhlalu kuvame ukuba nenzuzo kakhulu kunosayizi wezinhlayiyana eyodwa.
4. Naka umphumela wokuminyana kobuhlalu ekuqineni kokugaya
Ukuminyana kobuhlalu bokugaya kunquma amandla awo okuthinta kanye nokuqina kokugaya:
Ubuhlalu obuminyaniswe kakhulu (>5.5g/cm³) bunamandla okuthonya aqinile, okusiza ukuhlephula izinto eziqinile futhi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugaya i-ultrafine yezinto ezingaphili;
Ubuhlalu obunobukhulu obuphansi (2.5–4.0g/cm³) bunomthelela othambile, ofanele izinto ezithambile nezingezwani nokushisa, futhi bunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukushisisa nokulimala kokugunda ngesikhathi sokugaya.
Ukukhetha ukuminyana akuthinti nje ukusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla nokulawula izinga lokushisa, futhi kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokubambisana nemingcele yemishini.
5. Lawula izingozi zokungcola
Ukulawula ukungcola kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokucatshangelwa kokugaya okumanzi, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini zemithi, zokudla, nezama-electronics. Ezinye izinto zobuhlalu, njengobuhlalu bensimbi nezitsha zobumba ezingcolile, zingakhulula izinsimbi noma izakhi ezingalindelekile, zibangele ukungcoliswa komkhiqizo. Ngalesi sikhathi,ubuhlalu bengilazi, ubuhlalu be-zirconia, noma izinto ze-ceramic ezihlanzekile kufanele zinikezwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka kwesistimu.
6. Ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezindleko nempilo
Intengo yezinto ezihlukene zobuhlalu iyahluka kakhulu, futhi impilo yesevisi kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa nazo zihlukile:
Nakuba izindleko zokuthenga zokuqala zobuhlalu bokusebenza okuphezulu ziphakeme, zinempilo ende yesevisi, zinciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa kanye nesikhathi sokunciphisa imishini, futhi zibiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
Ubuhlalu obunenani eliphansi bunotshalomali oluncane lokuqala, kodwa uma bushintshwa njalo noma bugugeka kalula, izindleko zokusebenza eziphelele zizokwenyuka.
Kutuswa ukuhlanganisa isimo somugqa wokukhiqiza wenkampani, uhlole izinga lokugqoka kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nezinguquko eziphumayo, futhi wenze ukukhetha ukonga kakhudlwana.
7. Ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwezinga elincane kanye nokwenza kahle kwepharamitha
Ngemuva kokukhetha impahla yobuhlalu, kunconywa ukwenza ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa okuncane. Hlola ukuzuzwa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana eziqondiwe, isikhathi sokugaya, ukungaguquguquki komkhiqizo, nokuthi ingabe ikhona yini imikhiqizo ekhiqizwayo.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingase isetshenziselwe ukulungisa amapharamitha abalulekile njengejubane lokuzungezisa, isilinganiso sokugcwalisa ubuhlalu, isikhathi sokugaya, njll. ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umphumela wokugcina wokukhiqiza ubuningi uhlangabezana namazinga.
Isiphetho: Nakuba ubuhlalu bokugaya buncane, bunquma ukusebenza kahle, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho zokugaya okumanzi. Ukukhetha kwesayensi kufanele kucabangele izidingo eziqondiwe, izici zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukufanisa okokusebenza kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko. Ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okwanele kanye nokwenza kahle kwepharamitha, akufezwa ukugaya okuphumelelayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuzinza kokukhiqiza nokuncintisana komkhiqizo kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.