Isingeniso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-abrasives edayimane
Idayimane liyinto enobulukhuni obuphezulu bemvelo. Inobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu, i-thermal conductivity kanye nokumelana nokugqoka, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-abrasive. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezimboni,ama-abrasives wedayimaneziye zathuthuka kusukela kumadayimane emvelo endabuko kuya kumadayimane okwenziwa ahlukahlukene kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo eziyinhlanganisela, zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yensimu yezinto zokwakha ezinzima kakhulu, futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi ezinembayo eziphezulu ezifana nokucubungula imishini, i-electronics, optics, namandla amasha.
Ⅰ. Ukwethulwa okuyisisekelo kwama-abrasives edayimane
Ama-abrasive edayimane anjaloizinto eziyimpuphu noma granular eyenziwe ngokuchotshozwa, ukuhluzwa, nokuhlanzwa kwamadayimane emvelo noma amadayimane okwenziwa. Ukuqina kwayo kwe-Mohs kufinyelela ezingeni le-10, okuyi-abrasive eyaziwa kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-abrasives endabuko afana ne-aluminium oxide ne-silicon carbide, ama-abrasive edayimane anekhono eliphakeme lokusika kanye nokungagugi, futhi angakwazi ukugaya nokupholisha izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nomonakalo ophansi.
Ama-abrasive edayimane ikakhulukazi afaka amafomu alandelayo:
I-micropowder yedayimane: Usayizi wezinhlayiyana usukela emashumini ama-microns kuya kuma-nanometers, afanele izinqubo zokupholisha ezinembayo eziphezulu.
Isondo lokugaya idayimane/ikhanda lokugaya: elisetshenziselwa ukugaya nokubumba izinto eziqinile.
Insimbi yesaha yedayimane: isetshenziselwa ukusika nokubhola izinto ezifana namatshe, izitsha zobumba, ingilazi, njll.
Uketshezi lokugaya idayimane/okunamathiselwe kokupholisha: lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni okunembe kakhulu kuma-electronics, optics, isikhunta nezinye izimboni.
Impahla yedayimane eyinhlanganisela (PCD/PCBN): ihlanganisa idayimane nensimbi noma i-ceramic matrix ukuze kwakhe into yamathuluzi eyinhlanganisela enokuqina kanye nokungagugi.
Ⅱ. Izinkambu zokufaka isicelo zama-abrasives edayimane
1. Ukucutshungulwa komshini
Ama-abrasive edayimane asetshenziswa kabanzi ekubumbeni nasekugayeni izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu, njenge-carbide enosimende, izitsha zobumba, i-silicon carbide, ingilazi, i-ferrite, njll. Ukusebenzisa amasondo okugaya idayimane ukuze kucutshungulwe akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, kodwa futhi kwandise impilo yamathuluzi futhi kunciphise imvamisa yokushintsha ithuluzi. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezikhiqizwa ngobuningi, ezizenzakalelayo ezinembile kakhulu.
2. Izimboni zikagesi neze-semiconductor
Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kwezinto ezinjengama-silicon wafers, ama-sapphire substrates, ama-silicon carbide chips, ingilazi ye-optoelectronic, njll., amasaha ocingo lwedayimane, uketshezi lokugaya nokunamathisela okupholisha kuyizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile. Ama-abrasive edayimane angakwazi ukufeza i-submicron noma i-nanometer-level flatness kanye nama-rough. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzixhumanisi eziyinhloko njengokudayela kwe-chip, ukugaya i-wafer, kanye nokupholisha imaski yezithombe. Ziyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nesivuno esiphezulu semikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi.
3. Optical processing
Impushana yedayimane isetshenziswa kakhulu ekupholishweni kwengilazi yokubona, amafasitela e-laser, amalensi esafire nezinye izinto. Amandla ayo amahle kakhulu okusika kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokucubungula isibuko futhi kufinyelele ubulukhuni be-Ra obungaphansi kuka-10nm. Iwumsebenzi obalulekile wokuzuza izindawo ezibushelelezi kanye nokudluliswa kokukhanya okuphezulu.
4. Ukwakhiwa nokucubungula amatshe
Ama-diamond saw blades, ama-drill bits, izintambo zokusika, njll. asetshenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izinto zokwakha njengegranite, imabula, nokhonkolo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi endabuko, amathuluzi wedayimane aphakeme ngesivinini sokusika, impilo yesevisi, kanye nekhwalithi yokusika, futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukucubungula okusebenzayo kwezinto zokwakha eziqinile neziphezulu.
5. Amandla amasha kanye ne-aerospace
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla, isidingo sama-abrasives wedayimane ekucubunguleni izingcezu ze-lithium yebhethri, ama-diaphragms e-ceramic, izingxenye zemoto kagesi, njll. kukhula ngokushesha. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, amathuluzi wedayimane asetshenziselwa ukunemba kwemishini yezingxenye ezishisayo zenjini, izingxenye zesakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela, njll., okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nokuqina kwemikhiqizo.
III. Isiphetho
Ama-abrasive edayimane, njengento ebalulekile eyisisekelo yokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zesimanje, amukelwa izimo zemishini enembe kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezibonakalayo ezinhle kakhulu nokusebenza okubanzi. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ama-abrasives edayimane azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngendlela ecwengekile, ehlakaniphile futhi enobungani bemvelo, esiza imboni yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi iye ezingeni eliphezulu.